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Physical Science > Physical Science Final Exam 2024 > Flashcards

Physical Science Final Exam 2024 Flashcards

Final Prep

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1
Q

A well-organized procedure that tests an idea.
a. hypothesis
b. model
c. experiment
d. bias

A

c. experiment

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2
Q

A prediction or explanation that can be tested by experimentation.
a. bias
b. experiment
c. hypothesis
d. independent variable

A

c. hypothesis

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3
Q

Something that represents an idea or object to help people better understand it.
a. experiment
b. standard
c. technology
d. model

A

d. model

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4
Q

Which variable in an experiment is specifically changed by the scientist?
a. independent variable
b. dependent variable
c. variable
d. volume

A

a. independent variable

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5
Q

What occurs when the expectations of a scientist change how the results of an experiment are viewed?
a. bias
b. density
c. variable
d. control

A

a. bias

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6
Q

An exact quantity that people agree to use for comparison.
a. degree
b. standard
c. variable
d. control

A

b. standard

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7
Q

Mass per unit volume of a material.
a. mass
b. volume
c. constant
d. density

A

d. density

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8
Q

Application of scientific knowledge of materials and processes to benefit people.
a, volume
b. society
c. technology
d. control

A

c. technology

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9
Q

A group of people that share similar values and beliefs.
a. society
b. scientists
c. students
d. people

A

a. society

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10
Q

A quantity in an experiment that can have more than one value.
a. control
b. variable
c. constant
d. theory

A

b. variable

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11
Q

The amount of space occupied by an object.
a. mass
b. matter
c. volume
d. theory

A

c. volume

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12
Q

A standard for comparison that helps to ensure that the experimental result is caused by the condition being tested.
a. constant
b. independent variable
c. dependent variable
d. control

A

d. control

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13
Q

A factor that changes in an experiment from manipulation of the independent variable.
a. dependent variable
b. independent variable
c. control
d. variable

A

a. dependent variable

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14
Q

A factor that does not change in an experiment.
a. variable
b. matter
c. constant
d. theory

A

c. constant

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15
Q

A statement that describes what happens in nature.
a. theory
b. scientific law
c. constant
d. variable

A

b. scientific law

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16
Q

An explanation of an event that is based on repeated observations and experiments.
a. theory
b. scientific law
c. constant
d. variable

A

a. theory

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17
Q

Anything that takes up space and has mass.
a. mass
b. space
c. matter
d. constant

A

c. matter

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18
Q

What is the quantity of matter in an object.
a. mass
b. space
c. matter
d. constant

A

a. mass

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19
Q

A visual display of data.
a. graph
b. model
c. space
d. matter

A

a. graph

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20
Q

The improved, universally accepted version of the metric system that is based on multiples of ten and includes the meter (m), liter (L), and kilogram (kg).
a. Standard System of Units (SS)
b. International System of Units (SI)
c. Metric System of Units (MS)
d. none of the above

A

b. International System of Units (SI)

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21
Q

The steps of the scientific methods in order from top to bottom.

A

state the problem
gather information
form a hypothesis
test the hypothesis
analyze data
draw conclusions

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22
Q

What is described by the direction and speed of an object?
a. direction
b. speed
c. acceleration
d. velocity

A

d. velocity

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23
Q

The change in velocity divided by the time needed for the change to occur.
a. acceleration
b. time
c. speed
d. velocity

A

a. acceleration

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24
Q

Any change of distance over time.
a. fraction
b. speed
c. velocity
d. acceleration

A

b. speed

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25
Q

The distance and direction between the final position and the starting position.
a. acceleration
b. speed
c. displacement
d. vector

A

c. displacement

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26
Q

The product of an objects mass and velocity.
a. momentum
b. speed
c. acceleration
d. vector

A

a. momentum

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27
Q

Acceleration toward the center of a curved or circular path.
a. momentum
b. motion
c. centripetal acceleration
d. centripetal velocity

A

c. centripetal acceleration

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28
Q

A change in an objects position relative to a reference point.
a. displacement
b. motion
c. momentum
d. vector

A

b. motion

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29
Q

A region of space that has a physical quantity (such as force) at every point.
a. space
b. galaxy
c. field
d. quantity

A

c. field

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30
Q

A push or pull that one body exerts on another.
a. field
b. weight
c. inertia
d. force

A

d. force

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31
Q

The force that opposes the sliding motion of two surfaces that are touching each other.
a. field
b. friction
c. force
d. fraction

A

b. friction

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32
Q

The attractive force between two objects that depends on their masses and the distance between them.
a. space
b. field
c. gravity
d. fraction

A

c. gravity

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33
Q

The combination of all the forces acting on an object.
a. net force
b. inertia
c. centripetal force
d. air resistance

A

a. net force

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34
Q

The amount of gravitational force exerted on an object.
a. gravity
b. force
c. friction
d. weight

A

d. weight

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35
Q

What measures an object’s tendency to resist changing its motion.
a. inertia
b. friction
c. gravity
d. force

A

a. inertia

36
Q

Which of Newton’s laws of motion states that an object will remain at rest or keep moving unless a force acts on it?
a. Newton’s first law of motion
b. Newton’s second law of motion
c. Newton’s third law of motion
d. law of conservation of momentum

A

a. Newton’s first law of motion

37
Q

Which of Newton’s laws of motion states that the acceleration of an object is in the same direction as the net force acts on it?
a. Newton’s first law of motion
b. Newton’s second law of motion
c. Newton’s third law of motion
d. law of conservation of momentum

A

b. Newton’s second law of motion

38
Q

Which of Newton’s laws of motion states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction force?
a. Newton’s first law of motion
b. Newton’s second law of motion
c. Newton’s third law of motion
d. law of conservation of momentum

A

c. Newton’s third law of motion

39
Q

What is the upward force exerted on an object falling through air?
a. gravity
b. air resistance
c. resistance
d. friction

A

b. air resistance

40
Q

When an object moves in a circular path, it accelerates toward the center of a circle as a result of what type of force?
a. centripetal force
b. friction
c. inertia
d. gravity

A

a. centripetal force

41
Q

If gravity is the only force acting on an object, what state is the object in?
a. gravity
b. air resistance
c. inertia
d. free fall

A

d. free fall

42
Q

What law states that if no external forces act on a group of objects, their total momentum does not change?
a. Newton’s first law of motion
b. Newton’s second law of motion
c. Newton’s third law of motion
d. law of conservation of momentum

A

d. law of conservation of momentum

43
Q

What is the energy an object has due to its motion?
a. kinetic energy
b. chemical potential energy
c. elastic potential energy
d. potential energy

A

a. kinetic energy

44
Q

What is the energy stored due to chemical bonds?
a. kinetic energy
b. chemical potential energy
c. elastic potential energy
d. potential energy

A

b. chemical potential energy

45
Q

What is the energy stored by objects that stretch, compress, or bend?
a. kinetic energy
b. chemical potential energy
c. elastic potential energy
d. potential energy

A

c. elastic potential energy

46
Q

What is the energy stored due to the interactions between objects?
a. kinetic energy
b. chemical potential energy
c. elastic potential energy
d. potential energy

A

d. potential energy

47
Q

What is the energy stored by objects that can fall?
a. kinetic energy
b. chemical potential energy
c. gravitational potential energy
d. potential energy

A

c. gravitational potential energy

48
Q

A device that does work with only one movement.
a. simple machine
b. compound machine
c. complex machine
d. efficiency

A

a. simple machine

49
Q

What is the ability to cause change?
a. work
b. machine
c. energy
d. system

A

c. energy

50
Q

What is a force applied through a distance?
a. work
b. machine
c. energy
d. system

A

a. work

51
Q

What is the rate at which energy is transformed?
a. work
b. energy
c. system
d. power

A

d. power

52
Q

A device that can increase distance, increase force, or change direction.
a. system
b. machine
c. work
d. power

A

b. machine

53
Q

What law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed?
a. Newton’s first law of motion
b. Newton’s second law of motion
c. Newton’s third law of motion
d. law of conservation of energy

A

d. law of conservation of energy

54
Q

What is the ratio of the output work to the input work of a machine?
a. mechanical advantage
b. power
c. work
d. efficiency

A

d. efficiency

55
Q

What is a combination of two or more simple machines?
a. mechanical energy
b. compound machine
c. complex machine
d. potential energy

A

b. compound machine

56
Q

What is the ratio of output force to the input force of a machine?
a. mechanical energy
b. simple machine
c. complex machine
d. mechanical advantage

A

d. mechanical advantage

57
Q

Anything around which you can imagine a boundary; it can be a single object or group of objects.
a. space
b. force field
c. system
d. machine

A

c. system

58
Q

What is the measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object?
a. convection
b. heat
c. thermal energy
d. temperature

A

d. temperature

59
Q

What is the sum of the kinetic and potential energy of the particles in an object?
a. convection
b. heat
c. thermal energy
d. temperature

A

c. thermal energy

60
Q

What is thermal energy that is transferred from something at a higher temperature to something at a lower temperature.
a. convection
b. heat
c. thermal energy
d. temperature

A

b. heat

61
Q

What is the transfer of thermal energy by collisions between particles in matter.
a. conduction
b. convection
c. radiation
d. thermodynamics

A

b. convection

62
Q

What is the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves?
a. conduction
b. convection
c. radiation
d. thermodynamics

A

c. radiation

63
Q

What is the transfer of energy through matter by the direct contact of particles?
a. conduction
b. convection
c. radiation
d. thermodynamics

A

a. conduction

64
Q

Which law of thermodynamics states that if the mechanical energy of a system is constant, the increase in thermal energy of that system equals the sum of the thermal energy transferred into that system and the work done by that system?
a. first
b. second
c. third
d. fourth

A

a. first

65
Q

What type of engine is a heat engine that burns inside a set of cylinders.
a. convection
b. heat
c. internal combustion
d. external combustion

A

c. internal combustion

66
Q

What type of engine is a device that converts thermal energy into mechanical energy?
a. convection
b. heat
c. internal combustion
d. external combustion

A

b. heat

67
Q

What is the study of the relationships between heat, work and thermal energy?
a. temperature
b. specific heat
c. thermodynamics
d. thermal energy

A

c. thermodynamics

68
Q

What is a device that transforms the Sun’s radiant energy into thermal energy?
a. insulator
b. solar collector
c. window
d. thermal insulator

A

b. solar collector

69
Q

What is the energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a material by 1 degree Celsius.
a. temperature
b. heat
c. solar collector
d. specific heat

A

d. specific heat

70
Q

Which law of thermodynamics states that thermal energy can be transferred from a cooler location to a warmer location only when work is done.
a. first
b. second
c. third
d. fourth

A

b. second

71
Q

A place where thermal energy is slowly transferred.
a. thermal energy
b. thermal insulator
c. solar collector
d. solar insulator

A

b. thermal insulator

72
Q

What exerts the force that causes other electric charges to move?
a. force field
b. electric field
c. system
d. circuit

A

b. electric field

73
Q

What law states that electric charge is not created or destroyed?
a. law of conservation of energy
b. Newton’s third law
c. law of conservation of charge
d. first law of thermodynamics

A

c. law of conservation of charge

74
Q

What is a closed, conducting path?
a. electric charge
b. resistance
c. circuit
d. series

A

c. circuit

75
Q

What is the tendency for a material to oppose the flow of electrons?
a. electric charge
b. resistance
c. circuit
d. series

A

b. resistance

76
Q

What is the rate at which electrical energy is converted to another form of energy?
a. electric charge
b. electric power
c. voltage difference
d. static electricity

A

b. electric power

77
Q

In which type of circuit are there two or more branches for current to move through?
a. series
b. circuit
c. insulator
d. parallel

A

d. parallel

78
Q

In which type of circuit does charge have only one loop to flow through?
a. series
b. circuit
c. insulator
d. parallel

A

a. series

79
Q

The process of transferring charge by touching.
a. conductor
b. charging by contact
c. charging by induction
d. net charge

A

b. charging by contact

80
Q

A material in which electrons are able to move.
a. circuit
b. conductor
c. series
d. insulator

A

b. conductor

81
Q

What is the net movement of electric charges in a single direction called?
a. electric field
b. electrical power
c. electric current
d. insulator

A

c. electric current

82
Q

The statement, current is equal to the voltage difference divided by the resistance, is know as what law?
a. law of conservation of energy
b. law of resistance
c. ohm’s law
d. newton’s law

A

c. ohm’s law

83
Q

Electric charge that has been accumulated on an object is referred to as what?
a. electric charge
b. static electricity
c. resistance
d. electrical power

A

b. static electricity

84
Q

What is a material through which electrons do not move easily?
a. conductor
b. electroscope
c. circuit
d. insulator

A

d. insulator

85
Q

When an isolated object becomes charged by induction, which best describes the net charge on the object?
a. the net charge does not change
b. the net charge increases
c. the net charge decreases
d. the net charge becomes zero

A

a. the net charge does not change

Physical Science (7 decks)

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