Physical Science Final Exam Flashcards
Science
a process that uses observation and investigation to gain knowledge about the regularities in nature
Physical Science
Type of science deals with matter and energy.
Life Science
Type of science that deals with living things.
Earth Science
Type of science that investigates Earth and space.
How are a hypothesis and a theory similar?
A hypothesis and a theory cannot be revised.
The steps of the scientific method in order
state the problem gather information form a hypothesis test the hypothesis analyze data draw conclusions
What is the dependent variable in an experiment that shows how the volume of gas changes with changes in temperature?
volume of gas
What is the best unit to measure the distance a car travels after being released from a ramp?
meter
What is the best unit to measure the mass of a chemical added to a beaker
kilogram
What is the best unit to measure the time it takes for a dropped object to hit the ground?
second
What is the best unit to measure the amount of electrical current in a circuit?
ampere
What is measured in kilograms?
mass
What is the best application of a line graph?
to show trends and how the data changes over time.
What variable is plotted on the x-axis?
independent
What variable is plotted on the y-axis?
dependent
Life science is the study of living things. According to this definition, a life scientist would most likely study
cellular reproduction
In science, activities are performed that test the validity of theories. These activities are called
experiments
Sometimes scientists misinterpret their data, causing them to draw the wrong conclusions. What is one common cause of scientific misinterpretation?
researcher bias
A well-organized procedure that tests an idea
experiment
A prediction or explanation that can be tested by experimentation
hypothesis
Something that represents an idea or object to help people better understand it.
model
An exact quantity that people agree to use for comparison.
standard
A quantity in an experiment that can have more than one value is a
variable
The improved, universally accepted version of the metric system that is based on multiples of ten and includes the meter, liter, and kilogram is the
International System of Units (SI)
Anything that takes up space and has mass
Matter
force that opposes the motion of objects that move through the air
air resistance
the maximum speed an object will reach when falling through a substance, such as air
terminal velocity
describes the fall of an object on which only the force of gravity is acting
free fall
a force that is directed toward the center of a curved or circular path
centripetal force
states that if no external forces act on a group of objects, their total momentum does not change
law of conservation of momentum
a change in an object’s position relative to a reference point
motion
distance and direction of an object’s change in position from the starting point
displacement
distance an object travels per unit of time
speed
the speed and direction of a moving object
velocity
property of a moving object that equals its mass times its velocity
momentum
rate of change of velocity; can be calculated by dividing the change in the velocity by the times it takes the change to occur
acceleration
acceleration of an object toward the center of a curved or circular path
centripetal acceleration
a push or pull exerted on an object
force
sum of all the forces that are acting on an object
net force
force that opposes the motion between two touching surfaces
friction
attractive force between two objects that depends on the masses of the objects and the distance between them
gravity
a region of space in which every point has a physical quantity, such as a force
field
gravitational force exerted on an object
weight
states that an object moving at a constant velocity keeps moving t that velocity unless an unbalanced force acts on it
Newton’s first law of motion
tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion
inertia
states that the acceleration of an object is in the same direction as the net force on the object, and that the acceleration equals the net force divided by its mass
Newton’s second law of motion
states that when one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts a force on the first object that is equal in strength and in the opposite direction
Newton’s third law of motion
When a falling object reaches terminal velocity, the force of gravity _______________ the force of air resistance.
equals
When an object moves in a circular path, the net force is called a ________________.
centripetal force
Any change of distance over time is called _______________.
speed
