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Physical Science > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

force that opposes the motion of objects that move through the air

A

air resistance

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2
Q

the maximum speed an object will reach when falling through a substance, such as air

A

terminal velocity

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3
Q

describes the fall of an object on which only the force of gravity is acting

A

free fall

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4
Q

a force that is directed toward the center of a curved or circular path

A

centripetal force

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5
Q

states that if no external forces act on a group of objects, their total momentum does not change

A

law of conservation of momentum

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6
Q

a change in an object’s position relative to a reference point

A

motion

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7
Q

distance and direction of an object’s change in position from the starting point

A

displacement

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8
Q

distance an object travels per unit of time

A

speed

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9
Q

the speed and direction of a moving object

A

velocity

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10
Q

property of a moving object that equals its mass times its velocity

A

momentum

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11
Q

rate of change of velocity; can be calculated by dividing the change in the velocity by the times it takes the change to occur

A

acceleration

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12
Q

acceleration of an object toward the center of a curved or circular path

A

centripetal acceleration

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13
Q

a push or pull exerted on an object

A

force

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14
Q

sum of all the forces that are acting on an object

A

net force

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15
Q

force that opposes the motion between two touching surfaces

A

friction

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16
Q

attractive force between two objects that depends on the masses of the objects and the distance between them

A

gravity

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17
Q

a region of space in which every point has a physical quantity, such as a force

A

field

18
Q

gravitational force exerted on an object

A

weight

19
Q

states that an object moving at a constant velocity keeps moving t that velocity unless an unbalanced force acts on it

A

Newton’s first law of motion

20
Q

tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion

A

inertia

21
Q

states that the acceleration of an object is in the same direction as the net force on the object, and that the acceleration equals the net force divided by its mass

A

Newton’s second law of motion

22
Q

states that when one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts a force on the first object that is equal in strength and in the opposite direction

A

Newton’s third law of motion

23
Q

When a falling object reaches terminal velocity, the force of gravity _______________ the force of air resistance.

A

equals

24
Q

When an object moves in a circular path, the net force is called a ________________.

A

centripetal force

25
Q

_______________ is the change in velocity divided by the time needed for the change to occur.

A

Acceleration

26
Q

Any change of distance over time is called _______________.

A

speed

27
Q

The distance and direction between the final position and the starting position is the _______________.

A

displacement

28
Q

Acceleration toward the center of a curved or circular path is called _______________.

A

centripetal acceleration

29
Q

An object traveling in a circular path is accelerating because its _______________.

A

direction changes

30
Q

Will a thrown ball or a dropped ball hit the ground first when dropped or thrown from the same height?

A

Both balls hit the ground at the same time.

31
Q

An object’s momentum includes its _______________.

A

velocity and mass

32
Q

The distance between an object and a reference point is the object’s _______________.

A

position

33
Q

What is the equation for momentum?

A

p = mv

34
Q

_______________ speed is found by dividing total distance traveled by the total time.

A

Average

35
Q

_______________ speed is the speed of an object at any instant of time.

A

Instantaneous

36
Q

If an object has a constant velocity, then it has an acceleration of ____________.

A

zero

37
Q

A change in velocity means a change in _____________________.

A

speed, direction, or both

38
Q

Which term best describes the forces on an object with a net force of zero?

A

balanced forces

39
Q

How does the gravitational force change as two objects move farther apart?

A

It decreases.

40
Q

What is the gravitational force exerted on an object called?

A

weight

41
Q

What explains why astronauts seem weightless in orbit?

A

The spacecraft is in free fall.

Physical Science (7 decks)

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