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Science > Physical Science Chapter 4 & 5 > Flashcards

Physical Science Chapter 4 & 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Valence electrons

A

The amount of electrons on an elements outer shell

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2
Q

Force of attraction that holds atoms together as a result of the rearrangement of electrons between them

A

Chemical bonds

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3
Q

Periods

A

Horizontal Rows on periodic table

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4
Q

An atom or group of atoms that has an electric charge

A

Ion

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5
Q

How do ions form

A

When a neutral atom loses a valence electron it loses a negative charge and becomes a positive ion. When a neutral atom gains electrons it gains a negative charge and becomes negative

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6
Q

Atoms that are made of more than one Atom

A

Polyatomic ions

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7
Q

Attraction between two oppositely charged ions

A

Ionic bond

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8
Q

Result of ions bonding

A

Ionic compound

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9
Q

How are the formulas and names of ionic compounds written

A

First the symbol of positive ion then the negative ion then add subscripts

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10
Q

Tell is the ratio of elements in a compound

A

Subscripts

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11
Q

What are properties of ionic compounds

A

Ionic compounds form hard brittle crystals that have high melting points and conduct electric current when dissolved or melted

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12
Q

The ionic compounds that form solids by building up repeating patterns of ions

A

Crystal

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13
Q

How do ionic compounds(crystals) melt

A

The ions in the crystal have to melt have to break apart for an ionic compound to melt which is only caused by melting

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14
Q

The chemical bond formed when 2 atoms share electrons

A

Covalent bond

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15
Q

How are atoms held together in a covalent bond

A

The attraction between the shared electrons and the protons in the nucleus of each atom hold the atoms together in a covalent bond

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16
Q

A neutral group of atoms joined by covalent bonds

A

Molecule

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17
Q

Double bond

A

When two atoms share two pairs of electrons

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18
Q

Triple bond

A

When two atoms share three electrons

19
Q

Compound that is made up of molecules

A

Molecular compound

20
Q

Properties of molecular compounds

A

Poor conductivity, low melting point and boiling points

21
Q

Covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally

A

Non polar bond

22
Q

Covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally

A

Polar bond

23
Q

How do you bonded Adams become partially charged

A

Having an equal sharing of electrons

24
Q

What is the structure of a metal crystal

A

Composed of closely packed positively charged metal ions

25
Q

An attraction between a positive metal ion and the electrons surrounding it

A

Metallic bond

26
Q

Properties of metals

A

Luster malleability ductility thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity

27
Q

A mixture made of two or more elements with at least one metal

A

Alloy

28
Q

How do you know that a chemical reaction has taken place

A

A new substance is formed

29
Q

Any change that alters the form or appearance of a substance but does not change it into another substance

A

Physical change

30
Q

A change in matter that produces one or more new substances

A

Chemical change

31
Q

Substances that undergo a chemical change

A

Reactant

32
Q

New substances that form from a chemical change

A

Products

33
Q

How do chemical changes occur

A

One existing bonds break and new bonds form

34
Q

How do you identify a chemical reaction

A

Changes in property and changes in energy that you can often observed

35
Q

How is mass conserved during a chemical reaction

A

All of the atoms present at the start of the reaction are present at the end

36
Q

Number placed in front of a chemical formula in an equation

A

Coefficient

37
Q

Minimum amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction

A

Activation energy

38
Q

Increases the reaction rate by lowering the activation energy needed

A

Catalyst

39
Q

Biological catalyst in body that Help reactions occur at body temperature

A

Enzymes

40
Q

Material used to decrease the rate of a chemical reaction

A

Inhibitor

41
Q

What affects the rate of a chemical reaction

A

Surface area temperature concentration and presence of a catalyst and inhibitors

42
Q

When two or more elements or compounds combined to make a more complex substance

A

Synthesis reaction

43
Q

When compounds break down into simpler products

A

Decomposition reaction

44
Q

When one element replaces another element in a compound

A

Replacement reaction

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