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Science > Physical science Chapter 2 and 3 > Flashcards

Physical science Chapter 2 and 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Solid

A

Definite volume and shape

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2
Q

How do you describe the Baha’i or of a solids particles

A

Fixed closely packed arrangement of particles that vibrate in place

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3
Q

Solids that are made up of crystals and melt at distinct temperatures

A

Crystalline solids

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4
Q

Solid in which particles are not arranged in a regular pattern and do not melt at distinct temperatures

A

Amorphous solid

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5
Q

Matter with definite volume but no shape of its own

A

Liquid

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6
Q

How do you describe a liquid

A

Liquid has no definite shape since its particles move freely and take shape of container but has a definite volume

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7
Q

Substance that flows

A

Fluid

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8
Q

Properties/ characteristics of liquids

A

Surface tension and viscosity

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9
Q

Inward force or pull among the molecules in a liquid that brings the molecules on the surface closer together

A

Surface tension

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10
Q

A liquids resistance to flowing

A

Viscosity

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11
Q

What determines a liquids viscosity

A

Size and shape of particles and attractions between the particles

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12
Q
  • liquids with high viscosity flow slowly*
A
  • liquids with low viscosity flow quickly*
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13
Q

No definite shape or volume

A

Gas

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14
Q

How do you describe a gas

A

Gas particles move to fill all the space available making gas have no definite shape or volume

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15
Q

What is the volume of a gas

A

The volume of its container

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16
Q

The force of the outward push divided by the area of the walls of the container

A

Pressure

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17
Q

Change in state from a solid to a liquid

A

Melting

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18
Q

Specific temperature melting occurs at

A

Melting point

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19
Q

What happens to the particles in a solid as it melts

A

The particles start to vibrate so fast that they break from their fixed positions

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20
Q

Change of state from a liquid to a solid

A

Freezing

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21
Q

What happens to liquids particles when it freezes

A

Particles move so slowly that they begin to take on a fixed position

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22
Q

Change in state from a liquid to a gas

A

Vaporization

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23
Q

What happens to the particles of a liquid as it vaporizes

A

Particles in a liquid gain enough energy to move independently

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24
Q

Vaporization that only takes place on the surface of a liquid

A

Evaporation

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25
Q

Vaporization that takes place both below and at the surface of a liquid

A

Boiling

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26
Q

Temperature at which a liquid boils

A

Boiling point

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27
Q

Change in state from gas to liquid

A

Condensation

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28
Q

How does condensation occur

A

When particles in a gas to lose enough thermal energy to form a liquid

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29
Q

Occurs when the surface particles of a solid game enough energy to form a gas

A

Sublimation

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30
Q

What happens to the particles of a solid as it sublimes

A

During sublimation particles of a solid do not pass through the liquid state as they form a gas

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31
Q

How are pressure and temperature of a gas related

A

When the temperature of a gas at constant volume increased the pressure of the gas increases. When the temperature is decreased the pressure of the gas decreases

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32
Q

How are volume and temperature of a gas related

A

When the temperature of a gas at constant pressure is increased the value increases when the temperature of a gas at constant pressure is decreased the volume decreases- Charles law

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33
Q

When a graph of two variables is a straight line passing through the origin

A

Directly proportional

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34
Q

How are pressure and volume of a gas related

A

When the pressure of a gas at constant temperature is increased the volume of the gas decreases. When the pressure is decreased the volume increases-Boyle law

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35
Q

When is the product of two variables is constant

A

Inversely proportional

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36
Q

Smallest particle that can still be considered an element

A

Atom

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37
Q

How did the atomic theory developed

A

They grew as a series of models that develops from experimental evidence

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38
Q

Negative charged particles

A

Electrons

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39
Q

Thomson model

A

Argued that there use n a positive charge to balance the negative charge

40
Q

Rutherfords model

A

Rutherford experiements led him to propose the existence of a nucleus a small positively charged region of an atom containing positively charged particles that he called protons

41
Q

Bohrs model

A

propose that electrons were found only in specific orbits around the nucleus

42
Q

Cloud model

A

Model in which electrons do not orbit the nucleus instead they move rapidly within a cloud like region around the nucleus

43
Q

Specific amount of energy an electron has

A

Energy level

44
Q

Neutron

A

Particle with no electrical charge

45
Q

What is the most modern model of the atom

A

Tiny dense Nucleus at the center with protons and neutrons inside it. Surrounding the nucleus is a cloud like region of moving electrons

46
Q

Number of protons in the nucleus of an Atom

A

Atomic number

47
Q

Atoms with the same number of protons in different number of neutrons

A

Isotopes

48
Q

Sum of the protons and neutrons in the Atom

A

Mass number

49
Q

How is an isotope identified

A

Mass number

50
Q

The average mass of all the isotopes in an element

A

Atomic mass

51
Q

What did Mendeleev discover

A

He found that properties repeated regularly when he arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic mass

52
Q

Arrangement of elements showing the repeating pattern of the properties

A

Periodic table

53
Q

How is the periodic table arranged

A

Atomic mass

54
Q

Letter or abbreviation for an element

A

Chemical symbol

55
Q

How is periodic table useful

A

Helps predict an elements properties from its location on table

56
Q

Group (on periodic table)

A

Columns on table going up and down also known as families

57
Q

Elements that are good conductors of electric current and heat

A

Metals

58
Q

What are the properties of metals

A

Luster malleability Ductility and conductivity

59
Q

Luster

A

Shininess or reflectiveness

60
Q

When a material can be hammered or rolled into flat sheets

A

Malleability

61
Q

When a material can be pulled or drawn into long wires

A

Ductile

62
Q

Ability of an object to transfer heat

A

Thermal conductivity

63
Q

Electrical conductivity

A

Millatti of an object to carry electric current

64
Q

Ease and speed with which an element combines or reacts with other substances

A

Reactivity

65
Q

Deterioration of a metal due to a chemical reaction in the environment

A

Corrosion

66
Q

Chemical properties of a metal

A

Reactivity and corrosion

67
Q

How are metals classified

A

By alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, medals in mixed groups, lanthanides and actinides

68
Q

Group 1 metals

A

Alkali metals

69
Q

Most reactive metals in the periodic table

A

Alkali metals

70
Q

Group 2 metals

A

Alkaline earth metals

71
Q

Properties of alkaline earth metals and alkali metals

A

Alkali metals are Harder denser and Melt at higher temperatures than alkaline metals which have low densities and melting point

72
Q

Groups 3 through 12

A

Transition metals

73
Q

Properties transition metals

A

Hard and shiny solids that have high melting points and high densities

74
Q

Which transition metal is liquid at room temperature

A

Mercury

75
Q

Metals in mixed group

A

Stairs separating nonmetals and metals

76
Q

Lanthanides and actinides

A

Two rows of elements below the main part of the periodic table

77
Q

An element that lacks most of the properties of a metal

A

Nonmetal

78
Q

What are the properties of a non-metal

A

Dull brittle and Poor conductors of electric current and heat

79
Q

What are the families containing nonmetals

A

The carbon family the nitrogen family the oxygen family the halogen family the noble gas family and hydrogen

80
Q

Diatomic molecule

A

Two atoms together

81
Q

Very reactive elements that are salt forming

A

Halogens

82
Q

What is the most reactive substance in the periodic table

A

Fluorine in the halogen family

83
Q

Least reactive group in the periodic table

A

Noble gases

85
Q

Elements that have some properties of metals and some properties of nonmetals

A

Metalloids

86
Q

Substances that can conduct electric current under some conditions but not others

A

Semiconductor

87
Q

Super conductor

A

Materials that can conduct electrical current under all conditions

88
Q

Process in which the atomic nuclei of radioactive isotopes release fast moving particles and energy

A

Radioactive decay

89
Q

What happens to an Atom during radioactive decay

A

The identity of the atom changes

90
Q

Ability to emit radiation

A

Radioactivity

91
Q

What does radioactive decay produce

A

Alpha particles beta particles and gamma rays

92
Q

What are the three major forms of radiation produced during the decay of an unstable nucleus

A

Alpha decay beta decay and gamma radiation

93
Q

Alpha particle

A
  • Consists of two protons and two neutrons and is positively charged
  • The release of an alpha particle by an Atom during alpha decay decreases the atomic number
94
Q

Fast moving electron given off by a nucleus during radioactive (beta) decay

A

Beta particle

95
Q

Length of time needed for half of the atoms to decay

A

Half life

96
Q

When scientists calculate how many half lives have passed since a fossil died and can determine the age

A

Radioactive dating

97
Q

Radioactive isotopes that can be followed through the steps of a chemical reaction

A

Tracers

98
Q

Consist of high energy waves and have no charge

A

Gamma rays

Science (11 decks)

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