Chapter 6

Question 1

Who was Charles darwin

Answer 1

Naturalist who observed and studied the world

Question 2

Species

Answer 2

Group of similar organisms that can mate w/ each other and produce fertile offspring

Question 3

Fossil

Answer 3

Preserved remains or traces of organism that lived in the past

Question 4

What happened to the animals on the islands

Answer 4

They had became different from the main land relatives over time

Question 5

What else did Darwin notice amount the islands

Answer 5

There were differences in the organisms from island to island

Question 6

Adaptation

Answer 6

Trait that increases an organisms ability to survive and reproduce

Question 7

Evolution

Answer 7

Process of change over time

Question 8

What was darwins hypothesis

Answer 8

Species change over many generations and become better adapted to new conditions

Question 9

Well tested concept that explains a wide range do observations

Answer 9

Scientific theory

Question 10

Why was darwins hypothesis considered a scientific theory

Answer 10

He provided evidence from Galápagos Islands that were well tested and explained

Question 11

When organisms with desired characteristics are bred

Answer 11

Artificial selection

Question 12

Natural selection

Answer 12

Process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce

Question 13

What are factors of natural selection

Answer 13

Overproduction, variation, competition, selection, environmental change, genes and natural selection

Question 14

Overproduction

Answer 14

Most species produce more offspring than can survive

Question 15

Variation

Answer 15

Difference between individuals of the same species that helps them survive

Question 16

Competition

Answer 16

Not enough food space and other resources so species members compete for it

Question 17

What is natural Selection

Answer 17

Over a long period of time natural selection can lead to change. Helpful variations may accumulate in species while unfavorable ones disappear

Question 18

What does environmental change affect

Answer 18

Organisms traits ,ability to survive ,reproduce

Question 19

What evidence supports evolution

Answer 19

Fossils, patterns of early development, similar body structures, and similarities in DNA and protein structures

Question 20

How do fossils support evolution

Answer 20

Show that organisms that lived in the past were very different from current organisms

Question 21

What is the fossil record for

Answer 21

Stores all fossils collected by scientist and provides clues about how and when species evolved and how organisms are related

Question 22

How does similarities in development support evolution

Answer 22

Scientists compare early developments between organisms to find similarities that infer evolutionary relationship

Question 23

How does similarities in body structure support evolution

Answer 23

These similarities provide evidence that organisms could’ve evolved from a common ancestor

Question 24

How does similarities in DNA and proteins structures support evolution

Answer 24

Scientists compare DNA and nitrogen bases sequences to infer how closely related species are

Question 25

How do new species form

Answer 25

When group of individuals remain isolated from the rest of its species long enough to evolve different traits that prevent reproduction

Question 26

How does isolation occur

Answer 26

When members of species become cut off from rest of species sometimes by natural barriers

Question 27

What patterns describe the rate of evolution

Answer 27

Gradualism and punctuated equilibrium

Question 28

Gradualism

Answer 28

Small changes that add up to major changes over a long period of time

Question 29

Punctuated equilibrium

Answer 29

Pattern in which species evolve rapidly during short periods of time and then don’t change much