Physical Science Flashcards
what is specific heat
heat capacity per unit mass
what is the specific heat capacity equation
C=q/ m x (change in) T
what are intensive properties
do not depend on the amout of matter of quantity of the sample, - intensive properties include color, harness, melting point, boiling point, density, ductility
what are extensive properties
volume, mass, weight, energy, entropy, number of moles - do depend on the amount of matter or quantity of th sample
define weight
measure of the gravitation pull of Eart on an object
define volume
measure of the amount of space occupied
define density
measure of the amount of mass per unit volume
define specific gravity
measure of the ratio of a substance’s density compared to the density of water
define conduction
form of heat transfer that requries contact
what is a physical property
something that can be observed or measure
what is a chemical property
something that has to be tested scientifically
properties of water
cohesive, adhesive, hydrophilic, also a good solvent, polar, high specific heat
what is weaker than covalent and ionic bonds
hydrogen bonds
what elements can make h2O bonds
O, F, N
what does oxidation mean
the charge becomes more positive ( losing electrons)
what does reduction mean
the charge becomes more negative (gaining electrons)
hydrogen bonds are an important component of
proteins, nucleic acids and DNA
what are passive transport mechanisms
simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis
define diffusion
particles are transported from areas ofhighter concentration to areas of lower concentration
define facilitated diffusion
specific moleculs are transported by a specific carrier protein
define osmosis
diffusion of water from a high concentration of WATER to a low concentration of WATER ( low concentration of particles to a high concentration of particles)
states of matter: Gas
flexible volume/shape, low density, high compressibility, very free molecular motion
states of matter: liquid
volume constant, flexible shape, high density, no compressibility, move past each other freely
states of matter: Solid
definite volume/shape, high density, no compressibility, vibrate around fixed positions
Latent heat of fusion
a theshold that has to be overcome so that the state of matter can change
latent heat of vaporization
a threshold that has to be overcome so boiling water can vaporize
define melting
water going from a solid to a liquid
define freezing
liquie to sold
defined vaporization
liquid to vapor
define condensation
vapor to liquid
define sublimation
solid to gas
define deposition
gas to solid
define atmoshperic pressure
the speed of evaporation
what are intermolcular cohesive forces
forces that pull the molecules together and in water establish hydrogen bonds
what is the hydrologic cycle
process when warm air containing water vapor rises and then cools
what is a reactive fradical
broken down chemical bonds that will readily form new bonds with electrons
what is the law of the conservation of mass
matter can neither be created nor destroyed
what is the octet rule
tendency of atoms to gain or lose electrons until their outer energy levels contain eight and are full
what is a combination reaction
A + B = C
what is a combination reaction known as
synthesis, or addition reaction
what is a decomposition reaction
A > B + C
most decomposition reactions are
endothermic (heat needs to be added)
in acid/base reaction what does the acid do
donates a proton
in acid/base reaction, what does the base do
accepts a proton
what happens to the base when accepts a proton
the base becomes water
what happens to the remaining ion after base becomes water
it becomes a salt
what is combustion
exothermic process, releasing energy
what remains the same about a catalyst during a reaction
the mass
what is pH
the concentration of hydrogen ions
what is a high pH
a base
what is a low pH
acid
what is halochromic
a pH indicator that changes color when hydrogen of hydronium is detected
what do acids yield when dissolved
hydrogen ions
what do bases yield when dissolved
hydroxide ions
what word is used to describe bases
alkaline
what does the strength of an acid or a base depend on
the degree to which its atoms ionize in solution
what happens with a strong acid
all of the atoms ionize
what happens with a weak acid
very few of the atoms ionize
what does it mean for an atom to ionize
when they gain a positive or a negative charge
what are properties of salts
are ionic compounds, dissociate in water, metal + non metal,
what type of reaction happens between salt and water
a hydrolysis reaction
