Atoms Flashcards
what do atoms consist of
a nucleus and electrons
what does the nucleus consist of
protons and nutrons
what charge does the nucleus have
positive, due to the presence of protons
an equal number of protons and electrons equals what charge
neurtral
what is an ion
a atom with a positive or negative charge
what is the atomic radius
the average distance beetween the cucleus and the outermost electron
what is the ‘electron cloud’
a model where the nucleus is earth and the surrounding electrons are the atmosphere
what is the atomic number
the number of protons in the nucleus
what is the atomic mass
the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
what is relative atomic mass
the ratio of the atomic mass with the weight of the different isotopes
what is an isotope
a variation of a moleucle
what is a stable isotope
an isotope that is not radioactive and that does not decay
what is a radioactive isotope
an isotope that has an unstable nucleus and can undergo spontaneous nuclear reactions
what are electrons
subatomic particles that orbit the cucleus levels
what are electrons levels known as
layers, shells, or clouds
what family of elementary particles to electrons belong to
lepton
what level do electrons tend to occupy
the lowest possible
what are the outermost electrons called
valance electrons
what does the number of valance electrons consist of
bonding behavior - fill or empty their shells
how many energy levels are there
4
what type of attraction to chemical bonds have
positive/negative
what is the first shell of an electron
the S shell - 2 electrons
2nd shell of electron
P shell - 8
3rd shell of electron
D, 18 electron
4th shell
F, 32
what is a polar bond
covalent type of bond with unequal pulling of the different elements
what does ionization mean
the process by which neutral particles are ionized into charged particles
what is a crystalline solid
atoms of the same element bonded together
ionic bonding
elements gain/lose electrons, a metal + non metal
chemcial bonding
share electrons, non metal + non metal
hydrogen bonding
the atom of a molecule interacts with a hydrogen atom in the same area
what is a cation
a positive ion - losing electrons
what is an anion
a negative ion - gaining electrons
what is electronegativity
a measure of how capable an atom is of attracting a pair of bonding electrons
what is a dipole
when one atom exerts slightly more force in a bond than another
what is an element
most basic type of matter
what is a compound
a chemical combination of two or more types of elements
what are diatomic elements
elements that exist naturally in pairs (h2)
how is the periodic table set up
according to the structure of the elements and also their atomic number
what is a period on the table
a horizontal row
what is a group on the table
a vertical column
where are the metals
on the left
where are the non metals
on the right
where are metalloids
in the middle
what is chemical reactivity
the tendency of a substance to engange in chemical reactions
what is periodicity
a method that allows for the predicting of a tendency of a substnace to be reactive based on the position on the periodic table
