Physical Properties and Changes of Matter Flashcards
Describe matter (4)
* what is matter
* what are 2 things that determine matter
* what is matter made of in the simplest terms
* what is NOT considered matter?
- matter is anything that has mass (quantity or measurement of matter) or volume (amount of space an object occupies)
- distance b/w the mlcs and speed of mlcs moving
- atoms / mlcs
- forms of energy (light, heat, sound)
What are the two types of properties of matter? Explain and give examples.
- physical : observed and measured - divided into intensive and extensive
Intensive: DO NOT depend on the amount of matter or the sample size (ie. color, density = mass/volume, boiling/ melting point, solubility)
Extensive: DOES depend on the amount of matter or sample size (higher the sample size= higher the property) (ie. size, volume, energy, mass- amount of matter in object, weight - gravitational pull of earth on object)
- chemical: observed and measured when a substance changes composition (ie. H2 [g] burned in O2 creates H2O [l]= chemical property of H2) (ie. reactivity, flammability, combustibility)
What is the definition of a substance?
things that have a uniform and definited composition
How do you calculate density?
What type of property of matter is density?
- mass / volume [ g/ cm^3]
- intensive physical property
Define triple point
the temperature and pressure in which the s, l, g of a pure substance is able to co-exist in equilibrium
Describe solids
- mlcs are tightly packed together –> vibration motion
- hard and rigid –> FIXED shape and volume
Describe liquids
- mlcs are father apart and so are able to move freely (vibration and translational motion) and quickly
- FIXED volume and INdefinite (NO definite) shape, which means will mold to shape of container
Describe gases
- mlcs are very far apart, so they can move very freely and quickly
- NO FIXED shape (NO definite shape) or volume and assumes the shape of the container
What are the phase changes from S–> L –> G –> S
- melting
- vaporization (evaporation)
- deposition
What are the phase changes from S–> G–> L–> S?
- sublimation
- condensation
- freezing
Describe the difference in shape b/w liquids and gases
Both have NO FIXED shape
* liquid: INdefinite shape
* gases: NO definite shape
- List the order of KE of the different states of matter
- Which element has the highest KE? What state of matter is it in?
gas»_space; liquid > solid
He (g) has the HIGHEST KE
Cohesive forces of
* S
* L
* G
- S: Strong
- L: can be overcome
- G: weak
Density of
* S
* L
* G
- S: high
- L: high
- G: low
Compressibility of
* S
* L
* G
- S: none
- L: none
- G: high
Phase changes are regulated by what?
- temperature and atm pressure (inversely related)
- inc temp and dec atm pressure –>speed up vaporization (evaporation)
Solid water is ___ dense than liquid water
- less
remember ice floats
Describe the heating curve (have picture in mind)
in ipad
Describe the cooling curve (have picture in mind)
in ipad
During phase changes in a heating/ cooling curve, what stays the same?
- temperature
What is it called when gas –> solid and when solid –> gas?
- deposition
- sublimation
What is it called when solid –> liquid and when liquid –> solid
- melting
- freezing
What is it called when liquid –> gas and when gas–> liquid?
- vaporization (evaporation)
- condensation
In between phase changes in the heating curve, what is happening to the cohesive forces?
decreasing
In between phase changes in the cooling curve, what is happening to the cohesive forces?
increasing
heating curve
- In the heating curve, what are the 3 phase changes involved?
- During the phase changes, what is happening?
- melting (S–> L), vaporization (evaporation) (L –> G), sublimation (S –> G)
- mlcs are absorbing heat, which causes mlcs to spread apart from each other BUT temp is the same
cooling curve
- In the cooling curve, what are the 3 phase changes involved?
- During the phase changes, what is happening?
- condensation (G –> L), freezing (L –> S), deposition (G –> S)
- mlcs are releasing (subtracting, losing) heat, which makes mlcs come closer together BUT the temp is the same
What is another name for the melting phase?
What is another name for the vaporization (evaporation) phase?
- latent heat of fusion
- latent heat of vaporization
Matter can be split into what 2 general categories?
- pure substances
- mixture
Describe pure substances (including what it can be further split into and describe those)
- they have the same chemical composition throughout
- can be split further into elements and compounds, which are all mlcs
elements: found on periodic table
mlcs: 2 or more elements in definite proporitions (ie. H2O, NaCl)
Describe mixtures (including what it can be further split into and describe those)
- 2 or more pure substances combined
- can be split further into homogenous or heterogenous)
homogenous: uniform distribution and NO distinct boundaries (ie. salt water and slns)
heterogenous: varied distribution and HAVE distinct boundaries (ie. oil and water SEPARATE)
What is an alloy (include an example)
- a new type of metal made by combining solid slns of other metals
- bronze (from copper and tin combining)
What is the critical point?
when the liquid and gas phase have the same density , so they are indistinguishable
If we mix a sln in ice water, what are we trying to do?
slow the rate of rxn by reducing the collison of mlcs
What are 3 other extensive properties I didn’t learn about in my notes?
- entropy
- number of moles
- electrical charge
What is 1 other intensive property I didn’t learn about in my notes?
temperature
What are some additional examples of homogenous mixtures beside salt water and slns?
milk, air, blood, black coffee
What are some additional examples of heterogenous mixtures?
tea with boba and pizza and cereal w/ milk
What are the new definitions of mass and volume i learned?
- mass: the number of mlcs in an obj
- volume: the amount of space the mlcs in an obj occupy
What is the SI unit of mass?
kg
How many states of matter are there and what are they?
- 4
- S, L, G, plasma (plasma is least common)
Matter can exist in ____ states depending on the ____
- different
- environment
