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chemistry > Physical Properties and Changes of Matter > Flashcards

Physical Properties and Changes of Matter Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe matter (4)
* what is matter
* what are 2 things that determine matter
* what is matter made of in the simplest terms
* what is NOT considered matter?

A
  • matter is anything that has mass (quantity or measurement of matter) or volume (amount of space an object occupies)
  • distance b/w the mlcs and speed of mlcs moving
  • atoms / mlcs
  • forms of energy (light, heat, sound)
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2
Q

What are the two types of properties of matter? Explain and give examples.

A
  • physical : observed and measured - divided into intensive and extensive

Intensive: DO NOT depend on the amount of matter or the sample size (ie. color, density = mass/volume, boiling/ melting point, solubility)

Extensive: DOES depend on the amount of matter or sample size (higher the sample size= higher the property) (ie. size, volume, energy, mass- amount of matter in object, weight - gravitational pull of earth on object)

  • chemical: observed and measured when a substance changes composition (ie. H2 [g] burned in O2 creates H2O [l]= chemical property of H2) (ie. reactivity, flammability, combustibility)
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3
Q

What is the definition of a substance?

A

things that have a uniform and definited composition

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4
Q

How do you calculate density?
What type of property of matter is density?

A
  • mass / volume [ g/ cm^3]
  • intensive physical property
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5
Q

Define triple point

A

the temperature and pressure in which the s, l, g of a pure substance is able to co-exist in equilibrium

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6
Q

Describe solids

A
  • mlcs are tightly packed together –> vibration motion
  • hard and rigid –> FIXED shape and volume
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7
Q

Describe liquids

A
  • mlcs are father apart and so are able to move freely (vibration and translational motion) and quickly
  • FIXED volume and INdefinite (NO definite) shape, which means will mold to shape of container
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8
Q

Describe gases

A
  • mlcs are very far apart, so they can move very freely and quickly
  • NO FIXED shape (NO definite shape) or volume and assumes the shape of the container
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9
Q

What are the phase changes from S–> L –> G –> S

A
  • melting
  • vaporization (evaporation)
  • deposition
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10
Q

What are the phase changes from S–> G–> L–> S?

A
  • sublimation
  • condensation
  • freezing
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11
Q

Describe the difference in shape b/w liquids and gases

A

Both have NO FIXED shape
* liquid: INdefinite shape
* gases: NO definite shape

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12
Q
  • List the order of KE of the different states of matter
  • Which element has the highest KE? What state of matter is it in?
A

gas&raquo_space; liquid > solid
He (g) has the HIGHEST KE

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13
Q

Cohesive forces of
* S
* L
* G

A
  • S: Strong
  • L: can be overcome
  • G: weak
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14
Q

Density of
* S
* L
* G

A
  • S: high
  • L: high
  • G: low
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15
Q

Compressibility of
* S
* L
* G

A
  • S: none
  • L: none
  • G: high
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16
Q

Phase changes are regulated by what?

A
  • temperature and atm pressure (inversely related)
  • inc temp and dec atm pressure –>speed up vaporization (evaporation)
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17
Q

Solid water is ___ dense than liquid water

A
  • less

remember ice floats

18
Q

Describe the heating curve (have picture in mind)

A

in ipad

19
Q

Describe the cooling curve (have picture in mind)

A

in ipad

20
Q

During phase changes in a heating/ cooling curve, what stays the same?

A
  • temperature
21
Q

What is it called when gas –> solid and when solid –> gas?

A
  • deposition
  • sublimation
22
Q

What is it called when solid –> liquid and when liquid –> solid

A
  • melting
  • freezing
23
Q

What is it called when liquid –> gas and when gas–> liquid?

A
  • vaporization (evaporation)
  • condensation
24
Q

In between phase changes in the heating curve, what is happening to the cohesive forces?

A

decreasing

25
Q

In between phase changes in the cooling curve, what is happening to the cohesive forces?

A

increasing

26
Q

heating curve

  • In the heating curve, what are the 3 phase changes involved?
  • During the phase changes, what is happening?
A
  • melting (S–> L), vaporization (evaporation) (L –> G), sublimation (S –> G)
  • mlcs are absorbing heat, which causes mlcs to spread apart from each other BUT temp is the same
27
Q

cooling curve

  • In the cooling curve, what are the 3 phase changes involved?
  • During the phase changes, what is happening?
A
  • condensation (G –> L), freezing (L –> S), deposition (G –> S)
  • mlcs are releasing (subtracting, losing) heat, which makes mlcs come closer together BUT the temp is the same
28
Q

What is another name for the melting phase?
What is another name for the vaporization (evaporation) phase?

A
  • latent heat of fusion
  • latent heat of vaporization
29
Q

Matter can be split into what 2 general categories?

A
  • pure substances
  • mixture
30
Q

Describe pure substances (including what it can be further split into and describe those)

A
  • they have the same chemical composition throughout
  • can be split further into elements and compounds, which are all mlcs

elements: found on periodic table
mlcs: 2 or more elements in definite proporitions (ie. H2O, NaCl)

31
Q

Describe mixtures (including what it can be further split into and describe those)

A
  • 2 or more pure substances combined
  • can be split further into homogenous or heterogenous)

homogenous: uniform distribution and NO distinct boundaries (ie. salt water and slns)

heterogenous: varied distribution and HAVE distinct boundaries (ie. oil and water SEPARATE)

32
Q

What is an alloy (include an example)

A
  • a new type of metal made by combining solid slns of other metals
  • bronze (from copper and tin combining)
33
Q

What is the critical point?

A

when the liquid and gas phase have the same density , so they are indistinguishable

34
Q

If we mix a sln in ice water, what are we trying to do?

A

slow the rate of rxn by reducing the collison of mlcs

35
Q

What are 3 other extensive properties I didn’t learn about in my notes?

A
  • entropy
  • number of moles
  • electrical charge
36
Q

What is 1 other intensive property I didn’t learn about in my notes?

A

temperature

37
Q

What are some additional examples of homogenous mixtures beside salt water and slns?

A

milk, air, blood, black coffee

38
Q

What are some additional examples of heterogenous mixtures?

A

tea with boba and pizza and cereal w/ milk

39
Q

What are the new definitions of mass and volume i learned?

A
  • mass: the number of mlcs in an obj
  • volume: the amount of space the mlcs in an obj occupy
40
Q

What is the SI unit of mass?

A

kg

41
Q

How many states of matter are there and what are they?

A
  • 4
  • S, L, G, plasma (plasma is least common)
42
Q

Matter can exist in ____ states depending on the ____

A
  • different
  • environment

chemistry (12 decks)

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