Acids and Bases

Question 1

• What are the general components of acids (elements wise)?
• Give examples of general acids.

Answer 1

• starts with an H and is usually attached to a NON-metal

Examples
* HCl
* HF
* HNO3
* H2SO4
* H3PO4
* HC2H3O2 or CH3OOH (acetic acid)

Question 2

• What are the general components of bases (elements wise)?

Answer 2

• has OH OR is a metal attached to an H (ie. NaH)

Question 3

What is said in the arrhenenius theory of acids and bases?

Answer 3

• Acid release a hydrogen ion (H+) into sln, and becomes hydronium (H3O+) when in water
• bases release a hydroxide ion (OH-) into sln

examples are in ipad

Question 4

What is said in the Bronsted- Lowry Theory of acids and bases?

Answer 4

• acids are proton DONORS
• bases are proton ACCEPTORS
• Acid + Base –> CA + CB

examples are in ipad

Question 5

What is a proton technically?

Answer 5

a hydrogen ion (H+) bc when hydrogen loses an electron, it turns into H+, which has 1 proton

Question 6

• What are 2 examples of amphoteric substances?
• What does that mean?

Answer 6

• H2O and H2PO4-
• they are able to either donate or accept a proton

Question 7

Acid makes what based on the B-L theory

Answer 7

conjugate base through losing a proton / H+

Question 8

Base makes what based on the B-L theory?

Answer 8

a conjugate acid through gaining a proton / H+

Question 9

How do you find the CA or CB?

Answer 9

H2O
* CA = H3O+ [ add a H and add a charge]
* CB= OH- [ subtract a H and decrease in 1 charge]

Question 10

What are 4 characteristics of strong acids and bases?

Answer 10

• they dissociate or ionize COMPLETELY in sln [ soluble]
• highly reactive
• good electrical conductors bc they have lots of free flowing electrons
• have a single arrow to completion for chemical eq.

Question 11

What are some examples of strong acids?

Answer 11

• HCl
• HBr
• HI
• HNO3
• H2SO4
• HClO4

Question 12

What are some examples of strong bases?

Answer 12

• NaOH
• KOH
• Ba(OH)2
• H- and O2- > OH-

Question 13

What are 3 characteristics of weak acids and bases?

Answer 13

• dissociate or ionize PARTIALLY OR NOT at all in a sln [insoluble]
• poor electrical conductors
• have a reversible arrow in a chemical eq.

Question 14

What are some examples of weak acids?

Answer 14

• acetic acid (CH3COOH or HC2H3O2)
• HF
• NH4+ (ammonium)

Question 15

What is an example of a weak base?

Answer 15

NH3 (ammonia)

Question 16

The pH scale shows the concentration of what?

Answer 16

H+/ H3O+ or OH-

Question 17

• What is a neutral pH ?
• What are some examples of items with neutral pH’s?
• What color does it turn litmus paper?

Answer 17

• 7
• pure water, salt water
• no color change

Question 18

• What is an acidic pH ? What type of ions does it have more of?
• What are some examples of items with acidic pH’s?
• What color does it turn litmus paper?
• What are some characteristics of acids (4)?

Answer 18

• < 7 [ more concentration of H3O+/ H+ ions]
• urine, vinegar, battery acid, stomach acid, HCl, citric acid, orange juice, coffee
• RED

Characteristics
* corrosive
* when reacts with active metals (EXCEPT copper, silver, and gold) will create H2 (gas)
* when reacts with base will create a salt precipitate
* sour taste

Question 19

• What is a basic pH ? What type of ions does it have more of?
• What are some examples of items with basic pH’s?
• What color does it turn litmus paper?
• What are some characteristics of bases (2)?

Answer 19

• > 7 [ more OH- ions]
• soap, drain cleaner, baking soda, ammonia, egg whites, sea water
• BLUE

Characteristics
* soapy, slippery texture
* bitter taste

Question 20

Bonus: What does the Lewis Theory of acids and bases say?

Answer 20

• Acids are electron pair Acceptors
• Bases are electron pair Donors

Question 21

What number on the pH scale is HCl?

Answer 21

1

Question 22

How do you find the # of H ions in a substance based on the pH scale?

Answer 22

10 ^ -pH