Physical Pentration Enhancer

Question 1

Define the microneedls

Answer 1

Is a micron-sized needle with a hight of 10-2000 micro.m. and a width of 10-50 micro.m. , and are widely used in transdermal drug delivery system

Question 2

What are the advantages of microneedles?

Answer 2

1 Safe
2 Painless
3 Convenient
4 Noninvasive
5 Efficient drug delivery
6 have the ability to improve patient compliance as it does not hurt the nerves.
7 improving the bioavilability of the drug via avoiding hepatic first pass metabolism.

Question 3

What are the advantages and disadvantages of metal microneedl?

Answer 3

Advantages:
Mechanical strength and toughness
Disadvantages:
Breakage of the microneedles inside the skin may lead to safety problems

Question 4

Give reason, metal material are widely used in transdermal system

Answer 4

Due to the mechanical strength and toughness

Question 5

Metal material can be used to make ……… microneedl, …………… , and …………

Answer 5

1 solid microneedl
2 coated microneedl
3 hollow microneedl

Question 6

What are the disadvantages of inorganic materials microneedls?

Answer 6

There is no biocompatibility and the breakage in the skin may leads to safty problems.

Question 7

Inorganic materials are used to make …..

Answer 7

Coated microneedl
Hollow microneedl
Solid microneedl

Question 8

Considered the most promising materials for microneedl fabrication

Answer 8

Polymer material

Question 9

What are the materials that we can manufacturing the microneedl from?

Answer 9

1_ Polymer
2Metal
3 Inorganic

Question 10

The polymer material used to making……..

Answer 10

Solid microneedls.
Coated mocroneedls.
Dissolving microneedls.
Holow microneedls.
Hydrogel containing microneedls.

Question 11

What are the mode of action of solid microneedls?

Answer 11

The solid microneedl are penetrated into the skin, and then the drugs delivered through the channels hereby created.

Question 12

What are the advantages and disadvantages of solid microneedls?

Answer 12

Advantages:
Drug deliverey process is safe.
Infection and toxic substances can be avoided, as the channels created by the microneedls close after the microneedls are removed.

Dusadvantages:
The brokage of solid microneedl may lead to safty problem.

Question 13

Waht is the mechanism of coated microneedl?

Answer 13

The microneedl patch is inserted into the skin, then the drug coated on the microneedle tips released into the skin.

Question 14

What is the michanism of dissolving microneedles?

Answer 14

These microneedles are manufactured from soluble polymers(poly-vinyl alcohol), which carry drugs and start dissolving several minutes after application to the skin until completely dissolve releasing the drug through the skin.

Question 15

What is the michanism of Hollow microneedles?

Answer 15

These microneedles contain holes were drugs can be applied through these holes.

Question 16

What are the hydrogel microneedl forming for?

Answer 16

Aqueous blends of poly(methylvinylether/maleic acid) and poly(ethylene glycol)

Question 17

What is the michanism of hyrogel microneedle?

Answer 17

It contain no drug themselves, but swell in skin to allow diffusion of the drug contained in an attatched reservoir layer.

Question 18

What are the iontophoresis composed of?

Answer 18

1_ Active electrode containing the drug.
2Inert electrode containing different ion.
3 Power supply.

Question 19

Write a short note about iontophoresis.

Answer 19

Is a process of transdermal drug delivery by use of voltage gredient on the skin, molcules are transported across the stratum cornum by electrophoresis, the electrical field can increase the permiability of the skin.

Question 20

What are the mechanism of Laser Ablation

Answer 20

Removing the stratum corneum barrier to enhancing topical drug delivery.

Question 21

What are the mechanism of electroporation?

Answer 21

Creats transient aqueous pores in the lipid by application of high voltage of electrical pulses for milliseconds, these pores provide pathwayse for drug penetration

Question 22

Write a short note about the phonophoresis.

Answer 22

Is the use of ultrasounds to enhance the delivery of tobically applied drugs.

Question 23

Has been used in analegisics and anti-inflammatory agents

Answer 23

Phonophoresis

Question 24

What are the iontophoresis?

Answer 24

Is a process of transdermal drug delivery by use of a voltage gradient on the skin. Molcules are transported across the stratum corneum by electrophoresis and electroosmosis, the electric field increase the permiability of the skin.