Lec 1 Human Skin

Question 1

The largest orgen in the body

Answer 1

The skin

Question 2

The skin constitutes about ….% of the body wieght

Answer 2

16%

Question 3

What are the three layers of the skin ?

Answer 3

1_ epidermis
2_ dermis
3_hypodermis

Question 4

The outer most layer of the skin

Answer 4

The epidermis

Question 5

The epidermis gets its toughness from the..

Answer 5

Protein called KERATIN

Question 6

The epiderms has blood supply(T or F)

Answer 6

F has no blood supply

Question 7

What are the five layers of ebidermis?

Answer 7

Stratum corneum (non-viable epiderms)
Stratum lucidum
Stratumgranulosum (granularlayer)
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basal (germinative layer)

Question 8

Stratum cornum is …… thick

Answer 8

10-20 m

Question 9

It is 10 to 20 m thick non-viable epidermis

Answer 9

Stratum corneum

Question 10

The intercellular region in stratum corneum consist mainly of ….

Answer 10

Lipids

Question 11

The stratum corneum responsible for :

Answer 11

1_ provide a protictive barrier to the ingress of xinobiotics.
2_ control the rate of water loss from the body.
3_Controll the permeation of compounds across the skin.
4_determine the rate and extent od absorption.

Question 12

It is compossed of dead flattened cells

Answer 12

Stratum lucidum

Question 13

What are the stratum lucidum responsible for?

Answer 13

It helps to reduce the friction between the stratum corneum and startum granulosum

Question 14

The second layer in the epidermis

Answer 14

Stratumgranulosum(granularlayer)

Question 15

What are the stratumgranulosum responsible for?

Answer 15

It is responsible for preducing the:
1_ keratin
2_ materials that prevent evaporation, which helps waterproof the skin.

Question 16

Layer producing keratin

Answer 16

Stratumgranulosum

Question 17

Layer producing intracellular lipids

Answer 17

Stratum spinosum

Question 18

What are the stratum spinosum responsible for?

Answer 18

It is responsible for producing intracellular lipids which exist between the cells of the stratum corneum as they migrate to the surface.

Question 19

It is the innermost layer of the epidermis

Answer 19

Stratum basal (germinative layer)

Question 20

Contains melanocytes

Answer 20

Stratum basal (germinative layer)

Question 21

Responsible for skin colouring

Answer 21

Stratum basal(germinative layer)

Question 22

What are the stratume basal responsible for?

Answer 22

It is responsible for producinf skin colouring as they contains melanocytes

Question 23

Connective tissue that provide a support system for the epidermis

Answer 23

Dermis

Question 24

What are the dermis responsible for?

Answer 24

Provides a support system for the epidermis

Contain all the skin blood vesels, sensory nerves, lymph, sweet glands, hair follicoles, sebaceous glands

Question 25

How can you characterizing the dermis?

Answer 25

``` 1_ presence of the fibrous component (collagen) 2_ mast cells to control function or respond to injury 3_ sweet glands 4_hair follicles 5_sebaceous glands 6_nerves ending 7_blood vessels 8_fat layer under the dermis ```

Question 26

What are the importance of blood vessels that present in the dermis?

Answer 26

Provide nutrients to the skin and help regulate temperature.

Question 27

What are the type of sweet glands present in dermis?

Answer 27

1_ The Eccrine sweet glands | 2_The Apocrine glands

Question 28

Compaire between eccrine and apocrin sweet glands

Answer 28

1_Eccrine sweet glands: which have a primary function of controlling body temperature. 2_ Apocrine glands : Which are characterstic in women (mammary gland is a modified apocrine gland).

Question 29

What are the function/importance of the fat layer below the dermis? Or what are the fat layer under the dermis responsible for?

Answer 29

1_Helpes insulate body from heat and cold. 2_provide protictive padding. 3_ serves as energy storage area.

Question 30

Write a short note about the process of desquamation

Answer 30

Once the cells in the basal layer pushed up , it is only have tow weeks to live, because as the cells move up to horny layer, the forces holding them together gradually (progressively) weaken, and the inevitable (unavoidable) cracking leads to desquamation.

Question 31

It is tha subcutaneous layer lying below the dermis

Answer 31

Hypodermis

Question 32

It consists largely of fat

Answer 32

Hypodermis

Question 33

It provide tha main structureal support for the skin

Answer 33

Hypodermis

Question 34

Helps in Aiding shock absorption

Answer 34

Hypodermis

Question 35

Interlaced with blood vessels and nerves

Answer 35

Hypodermis

Question 36

What are the hypodermis responsible for ?

Answer 36

1_ provide the main structural support for the skin. 2_ insulating body from cold. 3_ aifing shock absorption. 4_ interlaced with blood vessels and nerves. 5_ have an immune role as it contains Macrophages cells which are part of the immune system.

Question 37

Layer contains a fibroblastes

Answer 37

Hypodermis

Question 38

Layer containing adipose tissue

Answer 38

Hypodermis

Question 39

Layer contains Macrophages

Answer 39

Hypodermis

Question 40

What are the main functions of epidermis?

Answer 40

1_water proof layer. | 2_ protect the body from UV light.

Question 41

What are the main function od dermis?

Answer 41

1_Sweeting as contains seet glands. 2_Sensory as contain the nerves endings. 3_ Nutrition as containing blood supply (blood vessels).

Question 42

Compair between transdermal and topical drug delivery.

Answer 42

1_ Transdermal : * appling the dosage form through the skin to give a systemic effect and treat a disease in a place in the body far from the skin. WHILE 2_ Topical: * appling the dosage form via skin to give a local effect to treat the skin disease. 1_ Transdermal: * drug is absorbed through the skin and reach the systemic circulation. WHILE 2_ Topical : *the drug do not cross the skin layer, and don't reach the systemic circulation.

Question 43

The Transdermal drug deleveiry have a local effect ( T OR F)

Answer 43

F

Question 44

The Topical drug delivery have systemic effect ( T or F)

Answer 44

F local

Question 45

The Topical drug delivery have systemic effect ( T or F)

Answer 45

F local