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Pharmaceutics 2 > Lec 1 Human Skin > Flashcards

Lec 1 Human Skin Flashcards

Human skin structure

1
Q

The largest orgen in the body

A

The skin

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2
Q

The skin constitutes about ….% of the body wieght

A

16%

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3
Q

What are the three layers of the skin ?

A

1_ epidermis
2_ dermis
3_hypodermis

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4
Q

The outer most layer of the skin

A

The epidermis

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5
Q

The epidermis gets its toughness from the..

A

Protein called KERATIN

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6
Q

The epiderms has blood supply(T or F)

A

F has no blood supply

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7
Q

What are the five layers of ebidermis?

A 
Stratum corneum (non-viable epiderms)
Stratum lucidum
Stratumgranulosum (granularlayer)
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basal (germinative layer)
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8
Q

Stratum cornum is …… thick

A

10-20 m

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9
Q

It is 10 to 20 m thick non-viable epidermis

A

Stratum corneum

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10
Q

The intercellular region in stratum corneum consist mainly of ….

A

Lipids

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11
Q

The stratum corneum responsible for :

A

1_ provide a protictive barrier to the ingress of xinobiotics.
2_ control the rate of water loss from the body.
3_Controll the permeation of compounds across the skin.
4_determine the rate and extent od absorption.

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12
Q

It is compossed of dead flattened cells

A

Stratum lucidum

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13
Q

What are the stratum lucidum responsible for?

A

It helps to reduce the friction between the stratum corneum and startum granulosum

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14
Q

The second layer in the epidermis

A

Stratumgranulosum(granularlayer)

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15
Q

What are the stratumgranulosum responsible for?

A

It is responsible for preducing the:
1_ keratin
2_ materials that prevent evaporation, which helps waterproof the skin.

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16
Q

Layer producing keratin

A

Stratumgranulosum

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17
Q

Layer producing intracellular lipids

A

Stratum spinosum

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18
Q

What are the stratum spinosum responsible for?

A

It is responsible for producing intracellular lipids which exist between the cells of the stratum corneum as they migrate to the surface.

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19
Q

It is the innermost layer of the epidermis

A

Stratum basal (germinative layer)

20
Q

Contains melanocytes

A

Stratum basal (germinative layer)

21
Q

Responsible for skin colouring

A

Stratum basal(germinative layer)

22
Q

What are the stratume basal responsible for?

A

It is responsible for producinf skin colouring as they contains melanocytes

23
Q

Connective tissue that provide a support system for the epidermis

A

Dermis

24
Q

What are the dermis responsible for?

A

Provides a support system for the epidermis

Contain all the skin blood vesels, sensory nerves, lymph, sweet glands, hair follicoles, sebaceous glands

25
Q

How can you characterizing the dermis?

A 
1_ presence of the fibrous component (collagen)
2_ mast cells to control function or respond to injury
3_ sweet glands
4_hair follicles
5_sebaceous glands
6_nerves ending
7_blood vessels
8_fat layer under the dermis
26
Q

What are the importance of blood vessels that present in the dermis?

A

Provide nutrients to the skin and help regulate temperature.

27
Q

What are the type of sweet glands present in dermis?

A

1_ The Eccrine sweet glands

2_The Apocrine glands

28
Q

Compaire between eccrine and apocrin sweet glands

A

1Eccrine sweet glands:
which have a primary function of controlling body temperature.
2 Apocrine glands :
Which are characterstic in women (mammary gland is a modified apocrine gland).

29
Q

What are the function/importance of the fat layer below the dermis?
Or what are the fat layer under the dermis responsible for?

A

1_Helpes insulate body from heat and cold.
2provide protictive padding.
3 serves as energy storage area.

30
Q

Write a short note about the process of desquamation

A

Once the cells in the basal layer pushed up , it is only have tow weeks to live, because as the cells move up to horny layer, the forces holding them together gradually (progressively) weaken, and the inevitable (unavoidable) cracking leads to desquamation.

31
Q

It is tha subcutaneous layer lying below the dermis

A

Hypodermis

32
Q

It consists largely of fat

A

Hypodermis

33
Q

It provide tha main structureal support for the skin

A

Hypodermis

34
Q

Helps in Aiding shock absorption

A

Hypodermis

35
Q

Interlaced with blood vessels and nerves

A

Hypodermis

36
Q

What are the hypodermis responsible for ?

A

1_ provide the main structural support for the skin.
2_ insulating body from cold.
3_ aifing shock absorption.
4_ interlaced with blood vessels and nerves.
5_ have an immune role as it contains Macrophages cells which are part of the immune system.

37
Q

Layer contains a fibroblastes

A

Hypodermis

38
Q

Layer containing adipose tissue

A

Hypodermis

39
Q

Layer contains Macrophages

A

Hypodermis

40
Q

What are the main functions of epidermis?

A

1_water proof layer.

2_ protect the body from UV light.

41
Q

What are the main function od dermis?

A

1_Sweeting as contains seet glands.
2Sensory as contain the nerves endings.
3 Nutrition as containing blood supply (blood vessels).

42
Q

Compair between transdermal and topical drug delivery.

A

1_ Transdermal :

  * appling the dosage form through the skin to give a systemic effect and treat a disease in a place in the body far from the skin.

WHILE
2_ Topical:
* appling the dosage form via skin to give a local effect to treat the skin disease.

1_ Transdermal:
* drug is absorbed through the skin and reach the systemic circulation.

WHILE
2_ Topical :
*the drug do not cross the skin layer, and don’t reach the systemic circulation.

43
Q

The Transdermal drug deleveiry have a local effect ( T OR F)

A

F

44
Q

The Topical drug delivery have systemic effect ( T or F)

A

F local

45
Q

The Topical drug delivery have systemic effect ( T or F)

A

F local

Pharmaceutics 2 (10 decks)

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