Physical & Health Disorders Flashcards
What is IDEA?
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
Students with physical or health disabilities include those with ______, _______, and _________ under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA).
- orthopedic impairments
- other health impairments
- traumatic brain injury
Orthopedic impairment includes impairments caused by a _______, _______, and _____.
- congenital anomaly
- impairments caused by disease
- impairments from other causes
What are examples of impairments caused by disease?
- poliomyelitis
- bone tuberculosis
What are examples of impairments caused from other causes?
- cerebral palsy
- amputations
- fractures or burns that cause contractures
Under IDEA, for a student to receive special education and related services, the OI must adversely affect their ______.
educational performance
What is OHI?
Other Health Impairment
Other health impairment means having limited _____, _____, or ______.
strength, vitality or alertness
______ means an acquired injury to the brain caused by an external physical force, resulting in total or partial functional disability or psychosocial impairment, or both
Traumatic Brain Injury
What is TBI?
Traumatic Brain Injury
Traumatic brain injury does apply to brain injuries that are congenital or degenerative, or to brain injuries induced by birth trauma
TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE
How many traumatic brain injury applies to open or closed head injuries resulting in impairments in one or more areas.
15 (such as cognition; language; memory; attention; reasoning; abstract thinking; judgment; problem-solving; sensory, perceptual, and motor abilities; psychosocial behavior; physical functions; information processing; and speech)
Students with OIs often experience motor movement deficits that stem from damage to the _______ or ______.
central nervous system or loss of a limb.
______ is a group of disorders that affect a person’s ability to move and maintain balance and posture.
Cerebral Palsy
Educators and clinicians working with students who have OIs are most likely to encounter _____, _____, and ______.
cerebral palsy, spina bifida, and muscular dystrophy.
______ is the most common orthopedic impairment in children and is caused by abnormal brain development or damage to the developing brain that affects a person’s ability to control their muscles.
Cerebral Palsy
Some people with cerebral palsy have problems with movement and posture.
TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE. ALL PEOPLE.
In cerebral palsy, what type includes stiff muscle?
Spasticity
In cerebral palsy, what type includes uncontrollable movements?
Dyskinesia
In cerebral palsy, what type includes poor balance?
Ataxia
There are four main types of cerebral palsy: _____, ______, ____, and ______
- spastic
- dyskinetic
- ataxic
- mixed cerebral palsy
____ affects the spine and is usually apparent at birth, is a type of neural tube defect.
Spina bifida
Spina bifida may occur anywhere along the spine if the neural tube does not close completely.
TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
What are the three most common types of spina bifida?
- spina bifida occulta
- meningocele
- myelomeningocele.
____ occurs when an opening exists in one or more of the spinal column vertebrae but there is no damage to the spinal cord itself.
Spina bifida occulta
What is it called when membranes surrounds the spinal cord?
Meninges
____ occurs when the membranes surrounding the spinal cord protrude through a hole in the vertebrae, causing the development of a meningocele sac.
Meningocele
What causes the development of meningocele sac?
Membranes surrounding the spinal cord protrude through a hole in the vertebrae.
The most severe and commonly diagnosed type of spina bifida is ______.
Myelomeningocele
What is it called when spinal cord itself protrudes through the back so that the nerves themselves are exposed?
Myelomeningocele
The higher the sac forms, the more serious the neurological problem.
TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
Spina bifida may be diagnosed during ______ or after ______.
pregnancy or after the baby is born
Spina bifida occulta might not be diagnosed until _____or ______ or ______.
- late childhood
- adulthood
- may never be diagnosed
_____ are a group of muscle diseases caused by mutations in a person’s genes that result in muscle weakness and decreased mobility.
Muscular dystrophies
Muscular dystrophy may be inherited, or a person may be the first in their family to have muscular dystrophy.
TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
People with the same kind of muscular dystrophy may experience different symptoms.
TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
_____ is the most prevalent kind of muscular dystrophy.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is usually inherited from the ______, who has a defective gene that regulates dystrophin, which is responsible for maintaining muscle fiber
Mother
What is responsible for maintaining muscle fiber?
Dystrophin
Duchenne muscular dystrophy usually affects ____ and ____ first.
Upper legs and upper arms.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy usually affects the upper legs and upper arms first and may cause problems with the ____, ____, ____, ____, _____, and _____.
heart, lungs, throat, stomach, intestines, and spine
____ is a central nervous system disorder in which brain activity becomes abnormal, causing seizures or periods of unusual behavior, sensations, or loss of awareness.
Epilepsy
There are two types of seizures:
focal seizure and generalized seizures
_____ result from abnormal activity in just one area of the brain.
Focal seizure
_____ result from abnormal activity in all areas of the brain.
Generalized seizures
2 types of focal seizures.
- focal seizures without loss of consciousness
- focal seizures with impaired awareness.
These seizures do not cause a loss of consciousness, but they may alter emotions or change how things look, smell, feel, taste, or sound.
Focal seizures without loss of consciousness
This type of seizure may also result in involuntary jerking of one body part (e.g., arm or leg) and spontaneous sensory symptoms such as tingling, dizziness, and flashing lights.
Focal seizures without loss of consciousness
These seizures involve a change or loss of consciousness or awareness.
focal seizure with impaired awareness
During a _____, a person may stare into space and not respond normally to their environment or perform repetitive movements such as hand rubbing, chewing, swallowing, or walking in circles.
focal seizure with impaired awareness
Six types of generalized seizures
- absence seizures
- tonic seizures
- atonic seizures
- clonic seizures
- myoclonic seizures
- tonic–clonic seizures.
____ seizures typically occur in children.
Absence
They are characterized by staring into space with or without subtle body movements such as eye blinking and last between 5 and 10 seconds. These seizures may occur in clusters, happening as often as 100 times per day, and cause a brief loss of awareness.
Absence seizures
____ cause stiff muscles and may affect consciousness.
Tonic seizures
These seizures usually affect muscles in a person’s back, arms, and legs and may cause them to fall to the ground.
Tonic seizures
___ seizures cause a loss of muscle control. Because this most often affects the legs, it often causes a person to suddenly collapse or fall down.
Atonic Seizure
____ seizures are associated with repeated or rhythmic jerking muscle movements.
Clonic seizures
These seizures usually affect the neck, face, and arms.
Clonic seizures
_____ seizures usually appear as sudden, brief jerks or twitches and usually affect the upper body, arms, and legs.
Myoclonic seizures
____ seizures are the most serious type of epileptic seizure. They can cause an abrupt loss of consciousness, body stiffening, twitching, and shaking.
Tonic-clonic seizures
When dealing with a student who is having a tonic–clonic seizure, _____ all nearby furniture and objects, _____ the individual down, and ______to the side to help prevent breathing problems.
remove
lay
turn their head
Epilepsy may be associated with different risk factors such as _____, _____, _____, and bleeding in the _____.
- intellectual disabilities
- concussions
- abnormal areas in the brain
- bleeding in the brain
For many children, epilepsy is controlled with medication and does impact their educational performance.
TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE. DOES NOT IMPACT THEIR EDUCATION.
Put something inside the student’s mouth when dealing with a student who is having a tonic-clonic seizure.
TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE.
DO NOT PUT ANYTHING.
___ a condition in which a person’s airways narrow and swell and may produce extra mucus.
Asthma
Two types of asthma.
- exercise-induced asthma
- allergy-induced asthma
____ asthma triggered by airborne substances such as pollen, mold spores, cockroach waste, or pet dander.
Allergy-induced asthma
What is an example of anaphylaxis?
severe allergic reaction
Students who have severe asthma may carry ____or ____ kits that can be self-administered.
adrenaline or epinephrine
___ inherited disorder that causes severe damage to different organs in the body.
Cystic Fribrosis
____ affects the cells that produce mucus, sweat, and digestive juices.
Cystic Fibrosis
Secreted fluids are normally ____ and ____, but in people with cystic fibrosis, a defective gene causes the secretions to become ___ and ____.
thin and slippery
sticky and thick. Instead of acting as lubricants, the secretions block tubes, ducts, and passageways, especially in the lungs and pancreas.
____ is a progressive disease that requires medication and physical therapy to thin and dislodge mucus from airways in the lungs.
Cystic Fibrosis
___ refers to a group of diseases that affect how the body uses blood sugar.
Diabetes
Glucose is not an important energy source for the cells that make up muscles and other tissues within the body.
TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE
Chronic diabetes conditions include _____ and ____.
Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes
Glucose is the brain’s main source of fuel.
TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
The symptoms of diabetes include _____, ____, ____, and _____.
increased hunger, thirst, urination, and blurred vision.
___ diabetes is often diagnosed in children.
____ diabetes may develop at any age.
Type 1
Type 2
____ TBI may affect the brain’s cells temporarily.
Mild
Moderate to severe TBI may result in ____, ____, _____, and other physical damage to the brain.
bruising, torn tissues, bleeding
TBIs have different physical and psychological effects.
TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE.
some signs or symptoms may appear immediately after the traumatic event, whereas others may appear days or weeks later.
Give me 4 signs and symptoms of mild TBI.
- Headache
- Nausea or vomiting
- Fatigue or drowsiness
- Problems with speech
- Dizziness or loss of balance
- Sensory problems, such as blurred vision, ringing in the ears, a bad taste in the mouth, or changes in the ability to smell
- Sensitivity to light or sound
- Cognitive, behavioral, or mental symptoms
- Loss of consciousness for a few seconds to a few minutes
-No loss of consciousness, but a state of being dazed, confused, or disoriented - Memory or concentration problems
- Mood changes or mood swings
- Feeling depressed or anxious
- Difficulty sleeping
- Sleeping more than usual
Give me 4 signs and symptoms of moderate to severe TBI.
- Loss of consciousness from several minutes to hours
- Persistent headache or headache that worsens
- Repeated vomiting or nausea
- Convulsions or seizures
- Dilation of one or both pupils of the eyes
- Clear fluids draining from the nose or ears
- Inability to awaken from sleep
- Weakness or numbness in fingers and toes
- Loss of coordination
- Cognitive or mental symptoms
- Profound confusion
- Agitation, combativeness, or other unusual behavior
- Slurred speech
- Coma and other disorders of consciousness
Infants and young children with TBI might be unable to communicate headaches, sensory problems, or confusion. Educators and clinicians may observe the following behaviors in a child with TBI.
- Change in eating or nursing habits
- Unusual or easy irritability
- Persistent crying and inability to be consoled
- Change in ability to pay attention
- Change in sleep habits
- Seizures
- Sad or depressed mood
- Drowsiness
- Loss of interest in favorite toys or activities
Conditions in which a part of the body moves repeatedly, quickly, suddenly, and uncontrollably.
Tic Disorders
Students with TBI may also experience _____ symptoms such as changes in attention, information processing, and memory that may affect educational performance.
cognitive symptoms
It is also known as dyspraxia
Developmental Coordination Disorder
___ tics are characterized by the limited involvement of specific muscle groups, often are of short duration, and can include eye blinks, facial grimaces, shoulder shrugs, or extension of the extremities.
Simple motor tics
____ a condition affecting physical co-ordination. It causes a child to perform less well than expected in daily activities for their age and appear to move clumsily.
Developmental Coordination Disorder
____ condition in which a person makes repetitive, purposeless movements. These can be hand waving, body rocking, or head banging. The movements interfere with normal activity or may cause bodily harm.
Motor Disorders
Often called motor tics
Tic Disorders
Tics can occur in any body part, such as the face, shoulders, hands, or legs. They can be stopped voluntarily for brief periods.
TRUE OR FALSE.
TRUE
Tics are classically categorized as either ____ or ____.
Simple or Complex
____ tics are of longer duration and often include a combination of simple tics such as simultaneous head turning and shoulder shrugging.
Complex Motor Tics
It refers to a range of conditions that limit a child’s physical functioning, mobility, dexterity, or stamina.
Physical Disability
