Autism Spectrum Disorder Flashcards
Autism spectrum disorders are a variety (or spectrum) of related disorders that affect _____ and ability to _____.
a child’s social development
communicate
ASD include unusual behavioral manifestations such as _____.
repetitive motor movements
Included in the category of autism spectrum disorders are:
- Pervasive developmental disorders,
- Asperger’s syndrome (observable in high-functioning children with autism-like symptoms), and
- Childhood disintegrative disorders, which cause children to regress in their development
What is an example of Childhood disintegrative disorders, which cause children to regress in their development
A child who once had speech but is no longer communicating.
These neurological disorders lead to deficits in the child’s ability to _______, __________, ______, ________, and relate to others.
communicate
understand language
play
develop social skills
The federal government’s definition of autism is as follows:
A developmental disability significantly affecting verbal and non-verbal communication and social interaction, usually evident before age 3, that adversely affects a child’s educational performance. Other characteristics often associated with autism are engagement in repetitive activities and stereotyped movement, resistance to environmental change or change in daily routines, and unusual sensory experiences.
Autism was first brought to our attention by _____(1943).
Leo Kanner
a psychiatrist at Johns Hopkins University.
Later, _______ (1996) published a research in England that contrasted children with autism with children who showed other emotional problems.
Michael Rutter
He discovered ______ traits that, while frequently present in children with emotional disorders, were almost invariably present in autistic children
three
- Failure to develop social relationships
- Language retardation with impaired comprehension
- Ritualistic or compulsive behaviors
_______reviewed the data in 10 countries, and he estimated a prevalence of 4.8/10,000, or about 1 in every 2,000 children.
Fombonne (2003)
Autism is more common among ____, with about four times as many boys as girls identified
boys
Some children with autism may appear to be developing normally until around ____ of age.
2 years
Evidence is accumulating for a strong genetic linkage for autism.
TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
Who has more high concurrence of autism? Dizygotic twins (similar but not identical genetic makeup) or monozygotic twins (identical genetic makeup)?
monozygotic twins
One of the indicators of a fundamental developmental disability in autistic children has been lack of a _____.
Theory of mind
The ability of human beings to understand the thinking and feelings of other people
Theory of mind
One of the characteristics shared by many persons with autism is a _______. It almost seems as if they have lost the ability to modulate sounds, as these sounds come through with terrifying impact.
hypersensitivity to noises in the environment
Hypersensitivity to Sensory Stimuli.
Although children with ASD may meet motor milestones on time, the quality of the child’s movements can appear stiff or clumsy.
TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
All people with autism spectrum disorders experience language and communication difficulties
TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
All individuals are nonverbal while others have extensive language with deficits in the social use of language.
TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE
What is IPPs?
Individualized Program Plans
One of the most effective approaches to teaching students with autism spectrum disorders involves the use of ______.
visual aids
Provide visual support
What are the general instructional approaches?
- Provide visual support
- Structure the environment and instructional tasks
The physical environment of the classroom can be structured by:
- Establishing specific areas that are associated with certain kinds of activities (e.g., quiet work area, group work area, consistent area for snack, etc.).
- Clearly mark materials and store in an organized fashion.
- Cover or screen desirable activities and/or objects when they are not available to the student.
- Mark the student’s storage areas with his/her photo or some other easily recognizable cue.
- Use different coloured folders, binders or bins for different subject areas or tasks.
- Create “start” and “finished” boxes, bins or folders for the student’s independent work.
What is ABA?
Applied Behavior Analysis
Refers to the application of behavioral principles to increase skills and decrease problematic behaviors.
Applied Behavior Analysis
_____ believed that a “ “cold and unfeeling
mother” was responsible for autism.
Bettelheim (1974)
Autism is now known to be linked to _____.
neurophysiological
ASD has brain differences in the _____, ______, and _____.
amygdala, hippocampus, and cerebellum
A specific form of high-functioning autism
Asperger’s Syndrome
Characteristics of Asperger’s Syndrome:
- Normal to Superior intelligence
- Delayed social development
- Preoccupation with specific subjects
Risk and Prognostic Factors of ASD
Environmental and Genetic Physiological
Levels of Severity in ASD.
Level 1: Requiring support
Level 2: Requiring substantial support
Level 3: Requiring very substantial support
In the Diagnostic criteria in ASD, how many criterias were there?
A-E (5)
(ASD) In criteria A, how many symptoms are there?
3
(ASD) In criteria B, how many symptoms are there?
4 but there should be at least 2 of the following symptoms currently or by history
Treatment for ASD
- Psychosocial treatment
Behavioral Approach: focus on skill building
Social Skill Development - biological treatment
Limited impact on core symptoms
Pharmacological treatment - integrating treatment
Early and comprehensive intervention
ongoing support & integration
