Autism Spectrum Disorder

Question 1

Autism spectrum disorders are a variety (or spectrum) of related disorders that affect _____ and ability to _____.

Answer 1

a child’s social development

communicate

Question 2

ASD include unusual behavioral manifestations such as _____.

Answer 2

repetitive motor movements

Question 3

Included in the category of autism spectrum disorders are:

Answer 3

• Pervasive developmental disorders,
• Asperger’s syndrome (observable in high-functioning children with autism-like symptoms), and
• Childhood disintegrative disorders, which cause children to regress in their development

Question 4

What is an example of Childhood disintegrative disorders, which cause children to regress in their development

Answer 4

A child who once had speech but is no longer communicating.

Question 5

These neurological disorders lead to deficits in the child’s ability to _______, __________, ______, ________, and relate to others.

Answer 5

communicate
understand language
play
develop social skills

Question 6

The federal government’s definition of autism is as follows:

Answer 6

A developmental disability significantly affecting verbal and non-verbal communication and social interaction, usually evident before age 3, that adversely affects a child’s educational performance. Other characteristics often associated with autism are engagement in repetitive activities and stereotyped movement, resistance to environmental change or change in daily routines, and unusual sensory experiences.

Question 7

Autism was first brought to our attention by _____(1943).

Answer 7

Leo Kanner

a psychiatrist at Johns Hopkins University.

Question 8

Later, _______ (1996) published a research in England that contrasted children with autism with children who showed other emotional problems.

Answer 8

Michael Rutter

Question 9

He discovered ______ traits that, while frequently present in children with emotional disorders, were almost invariably present in autistic children

Answer 9

three

1. Failure to develop social relationships
2. Language retardation with impaired comprehension
3. Ritualistic or compulsive behaviors

Question 10

_______reviewed the data in 10 countries, and he estimated a prevalence of 4.8/10,000, or about 1 in every 2,000 children.

Answer 10

Fombonne (2003)

Question 11

Autism is more common among ____, with about four times as many boys as girls identified

Answer 11

boys

Question 12

Some children with autism may appear to be developing normally until around ____ of age.

Answer 12

2 years

Question 13

Evidence is accumulating for a strong genetic linkage for autism.

TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 13

TRUE

Question 14

Who has more high concurrence of autism? Dizygotic twins (similar but not identical genetic makeup) or monozygotic twins (identical genetic makeup)?

Answer 14

monozygotic twins

Question 15

One of the indicators of a fundamental developmental disability in autistic children has been lack of a _____.

Answer 15

Theory of mind

Question 16

The ability of human beings to understand the thinking and feelings of other people

Answer 16

Theory of mind

Question 17

One of the characteristics shared by many persons with autism is a _______. It almost seems as if they have lost the ability to modulate sounds, as these sounds come through with terrifying impact.

Answer 17

hypersensitivity to noises in the environment

Hypersensitivity to Sensory Stimuli.

Question 18

Although children with ASD may meet motor milestones on time, the quality of the child’s movements can appear stiff or clumsy.

TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 18

TRUE

Question 19

All people with autism spectrum disorders experience language and communication difficulties

TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 19

TRUE

Question 20

All individuals are nonverbal while others have extensive language with deficits in the social use of language.

TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 20

FALSE

Question 21

What is IPPs?

Answer 21

Individualized Program Plans

Question 22

One of the most effective approaches to teaching students with autism spectrum disorders involves the use of ______.

Answer 22

visual aids

Provide visual support

Question 23

What are the general instructional approaches?

Answer 23

• Provide visual support
• Structure the environment and instructional tasks

Question 24

The physical environment of the classroom can be structured by:

Answer 24

• Establishing specific areas that are associated with certain kinds of activities (e.g., quiet work area, group work area, consistent area for snack, etc.).
• Clearly mark materials and store in an organized fashion.
• Cover or screen desirable activities and/or objects when they are not available to the student.
• Mark the student’s storage areas with his/her photo or some other easily recognizable cue.
• Use different coloured folders, binders or bins for different subject areas or tasks.
• Create “start” and “finished” boxes, bins or folders for the student’s independent work.

Question 25

What is ABA?

Answer 25

Applied Behavior Analysis

Question 26

Refers to the application of behavioral principles to increase skills and decrease problematic behaviors.

Answer 26

Applied Behavior Analysis

Question 27

_____ believed that a “ “cold and unfeeling
mother” was responsible for autism.

Answer 27

Bettelheim (1974)

Question 28

Autism is now known to be linked to _____.

Answer 28

neurophysiological

Question 29

ASD has brain differences in the _____, ______, and _____.

Answer 29

amygdala, hippocampus, and cerebellum

Question 30

A specific form of high-functioning autism

Answer 30

Asperger’s Syndrome

Question 31

Characteristics of Asperger’s Syndrome:

Answer 31

• Normal to Superior intelligence
• Delayed social development
• Preoccupation with specific subjects

Question 32

Risk and Prognostic Factors of ASD

Answer 32

Environmental and Genetic Physiological

Question 33

Levels of Severity in ASD.

Answer 33

Level 1: Requiring support
Level 2: Requiring substantial support
Level 3: Requiring very substantial support

Question 34

In the Diagnostic criteria in ASD, how many criterias were there?

Answer 34

A-E (5)

Question 35

(ASD) In criteria A, how many symptoms are there?

Answer 35

3

Question 36

(ASD) In criteria B, how many symptoms are there?

Answer 36

4 but there should be at least 2 of the following symptoms currently or by history

Question 37

Treatment for ASD

Answer 37

• Psychosocial treatment
  Behavioral Approach: focus on skill building
  Social Skill Development
• biological treatment
  Limited impact on core symptoms
  Pharmacological treatment
• integrating treatment
  Early and comprehensive intervention
  ongoing support & integration