Physical Examination (Exam I) Flashcards
How deep would one palpate with light palpation technique?
Deep palpation technique?
- 1-2 cm
- 4-5 cm
What would be expected with tympanic, drum-like percussion?
- Air-containg space (puffed out cheek, gastric air bubble, etc.)
What would be expected with resonant, hollow sounding percussion?
- Normal lungs
What would be an expected finding with assessed hyper-resonant, booming percussive sounds?
- Emphysematous lungs
What would be an expected finding with assessed dull, thud-like percussive sounds?
- Softer organs (ex. Liver)
What would be an expected finding with assessed flat percussive sounds?
- Denser organs (ex. muscle)
What temperature does one need to be to go to PACU?
96°
Approximately what should the axillary temp be in comparison to a core temperature?
- 1° lower
What is Anthropometry?
- Scientific study of the measurements and proportions of the human body (height, weight, etc.)
What is Mediate or Indirect Percussion?
How is it performed and what is its purpose?
- Plexor (striking finger) & pleximeter (finger being struck).
- Evaluation of abdomen and thorax
What is Immediate percussion? What is it utilized for?
- Striking of surface directly with fingers of the hand.
- Adult sinus or infant thorax evaluation.
What is Fist percussion? What is it utilized for?
- Flat hand on area to be evaluated being struck with a fist.
- Used to evaluate the back & kidney for tenderness.
What are the three forms of percussion?
- Mediate/Indirect percussion
- Immediate percussion
- Fist percussion
When is circumoral cyanosis primarily seen?
How might circumoral cyanosis present on patients with darker skin tones?
- In infants primarily above the upper lip.
- gray or white rather than blue
What are situations that can cause jaundice?
- Acute liver inflammation
- Inflammation/obstruction of the bile duct
- Cholestasis
- Hemolytic anemia
- Gilbert’s syndrome
- Crigler-Najjar syndrome
- Dubin-Johnson syndrome
- Pseudojaundice
What causes pseudojaundice? How harmful is it?
- Harmless condition caused by excess carrots, pumpkins or melon consumption (↑ β-carotene)
What is Gilbert’s syndrome?
- Inherited condition where enzymes CAN’T PROCESS THE EXCRETION OF BILE.
What is Crigler-Najjar’s syndrome?
- Inherited condition that impairs the SPECIFIC ENZYME RESPONSIBLE FOR PROCESSING BILIRUBIN .
What is Dubin-Johnson syndrome?
- Inherited chronic jaundice where conjugated bilirubin can’t be secreted from the hepatic cells.
What type of cells does vitiligo attack?
- Melanocytes
What is the sign name of periorbital ecchymosis? What does it indicate?
- raccoon eyes ( can be accompanied by Battle’s Sign - ecchymosis behind the ears): indicates basilar skull fracture.
What are petechiae indicative of?
- Thrombocytopenia
- Leukemia
- Infectious disease
- Medications
- Prolonged straining
What is koilonychia? What is it often indicative of?
- Spoon-nails where nails become flat or convex. (opposite of clubbing)
- Iron-deficiency anemia.
What is nail clubbing? What is it often indicative of?
- Increased concavity of nails
- Heart/lung diseases, also potential osteoarthropathies.
What is paronychia?
- Inflammation of skin around the nail.
What are Beau’s lines? What are they indicative of?
- Horizontal striations that develop on the nail.
- Lots of things. Nail trauma, kidney failure, mumps, thyroid disorders, syphilis, etc.
What is hirsutism? What is a common cause?
- Excessive hair growth often caused by PCOS.
What is the name of notable difference in pupillary size between both eyes called?
- Anisocoria
What is ectropion?
- Eversion of eyelid/outward turning of the lower eyelid
What is entropion?
- Inversion of eyelid / inward turning of the lower eyelid
What is Ptosis?
- Abnormal drooping of eyelid
What is Arcus Senilis?
- Deposition of phospholipids/cholesterol in the peripheral cornea of older patients. (benign usually)
What occurs with the eyes during stage 2 of anesthesia?
- Roving eyeball (nystagmus?)
- Partial pupillary dilation
- Loss of eyelash reflex
- No loss of eyelid reflex