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AUBF LAB > Physical Examination > Flashcards

Physical Examination Flashcards

1
Q

3 Criteria for Urine Containers

A
  1. Disposable
  2. Wide-Mouth
  3. Flat-Bottom
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2
Q

Atleast what volume capacity for Urine Containers?

A

50 Ml

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3
Q

What bag is used for pediatrics patients?

A

Wee-bag / Adhesive Bags

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4
Q

What container is used for 24-hour specimens?

A

Large Plastic Containers

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5
Q

4 Main Information on the Label of Urine Containers?

A
  1. Name
  2. ID
  3. Date
  4. Time
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6
Q

3 Additional information added on the Label

A
  1. Age
  2. Location
  3. Physician
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7
Q

Where should the label be placed on the container?

A

Side of Container

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8
Q

6 Criteria for Specimen Rejection

A
  1. Unlabeled
  2. Unmatched
  3. Contaminated with feces and toilet paper
  4. Contaminated container
  5. Insufficient Quantity
  6. Improper Transport
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9
Q

This checks for metabolic end products that provides useful information on the disease state of the individual

A

Urinalysis

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10
Q

This is the first information contained on a routine urinalysis report

A

Physical Examination

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11
Q

What are the 6 parameters in Urine Physical Examination ?

A
  1. Odor
  2. Color
  3. Clarity
  4. pH
  5. Specific Gravity
  6. Volume
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12
Q

What is the odor of freshly voided urine?

A

Aromatic

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13
Q

What is the result of a sweet or fruity odor urine?

A

Diabetic Ketosis

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14
Q

Normal Color of urine?

A

Yellow

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15
Q

The urine color depends on the concentration of what pigment?

A

Urochrome

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16
Q

4 Factors that causes variation in Urine Color

A
  1. Diet
  2. Physical Activity
  3. Medication
  4. Disease
17
Q

What colors can indicate Pathological Processes? (6)

A
  1. Orange
  2. Yellow Green
  3. Green
  4. Pink
  5. Red
  6. Black
18
Q

It is the general term pertaining to the clarity of the specimen

A

Transparency

19
Q

Common terms used to report the transparency of urine? (5)

A
  1. Clear
  2. Hazy
  3. Cloudy
  4. Turbid
  5. Milky
20
Q

A white cloudiness urine may appear because of the presence of? (5)

A
  1. Amorphous Urates
  2. Phosphates
  3. Carbonates
  4. Calcium Oxalate
  5. Uric Acid Crystals
21
Q

This urine clarity reports as “Many Particulates, print blurred through urine”

A

Cloudy

22
Q

This urine clarity reports as “May precipitate or be clotted”

A

Milky

23
Q

This urine clarity reports as “Few Particulates, print easily seen through urine”

A

Hazy

24
Q

The 4 most common substances that causes turbidity?

A
  1. WBC
  2. RBC
  3. Epithelial Cells
  4. Bacteria
25
Q

It is the reflection of the ability of the kidney to maintain normal hydrogen ion concentration in plasma and extracellular fluid

A

pH

26
Q

Normal adult will produce urine with specific gravity of how many?

A

1.016 - 1.022

27
Q

4 Methods used to Measure Specific Gravity

A
  1. Refractometer
  2. Reagent Strip
  3. Hydrometry
  4. Urinometer
28
Q

It is based on the measurement of the refractive index of a solution

A

Refractometry

29
Q

What is used to calibrate the Refractometer?

A

Distilled Water

30
Q

Principle of Reagent Strip for Specific Gravity?

A

Indirect Colorimetric determination of specific gravity

31
Q

This method detects only the ionic solutes present in the urine

A

Reagent Strip

32
Q

The reagent test pad is impregnated with? (2)

A
  1. Polyelectrolyte
  2. pH indicator
33
Q

Reagent strip is maintained at _______ pH

A

Alkaline

34
Q

It is based on the determination of Urine’s Density at room temperature

A

Hydrometry

35
Q

Principle of Urinometer?

A

Density

36
Q

Less accurate than other methods

A

Urinometer

37
Q

Major disadvantage of Urinometer?

A

Requires large volume (10-15ml)

38
Q

Steps to Adjust Scale of Refractometer (6)

A
  1. Raise Daylight Plate
  2. Place few drops of Distilled Water
  3. Close the cover
  4. Bring the scale to focus
  5. If boundary line not coincide with 1.000 line of 1.333 line
  6. Make adjustments by turning the scale adjusting screw
39
Q

Steps to read Refractometer (6)

A
  1. Put one or two drops of sample on the prism
  2. Close Daylight Plate Gently
  3. Sample must spread all over the prism surface
  4. Look at the scale through the eyepiece
  5. Read scale where boundary line intercepts it.
  6. Wipe sample from the prism clean with tissue paper and water

AUBF LAB (4 decks)

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