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Scribe Exam > Physical Exam Terminology > Flashcards

Physical Exam Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

what is it called when a patient appears thin and weak due to chronic illness

A

cachectic

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2
Q

what is the mucous membrane that covers the front of the eye and lines the insides of the eyelids

A

conjunctiva

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3
Q

what does PERRLA stand for

A

pupils equally round and reactive to light accomodation

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4
Q

what does EOM stand for

A

extra ocular movements intact

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5
Q

what is optic disc swelling due to increased cranial pressure called

A

papilledema

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6
Q

what is intracranial pressure due to

A

pressure in the skull and brain tissue due to CSF

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7
Q

what is a fundus exam

A

the fund is the interior lining of the eyeball, during the exam the physician uses a ophthalmoscope to look for abnormalities

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8
Q

what is it called when the eyeballs or protrude forward out of the head

A

exopthalmos

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9
Q

what is it called when the sclera of the eye is yellow

A

scleral icterus

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10
Q

what is scleral icterus indicative of

A

liver failure

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11
Q

what is involuntary eye movement called

A

nystagmus

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12
Q

what is the external portion of the ear called

A

auricle

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13
Q

what is ear wax called

A

cerumen

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14
Q

what is another name for the eardrum

A

tympanic membrane

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15
Q

what is dullness in the ear

A

when light does not reflect off of the tympani membrane surface. this could mean there’s fluid in the middle ear which is the sign of an ear infection

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16
Q

what is the presence of blood in the tympanic cavity of the middle ear called

A

hemotympanum

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17
Q

what is hemotympanum a sign of

A

basilar skull fracture

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18
Q

what is having no teeth called

A

edentulous

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19
Q

what could dry mucous membranes be a sign of

A

the patient has a dry mouth and is dehydrated

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20
Q

what is a white coating on the mouth and tongue due to a fungal infection called

A

thrush

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21
Q

what is the term for a red throat

A

pharyngeal erythema

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22
Q

what is tonsillar exudate

A

exudate is pus, can be yellow, white, or clear fluid, when an injury occurs leaving skin exposed, fluid leaks out of the blood vessels and into nearby tissues

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23
Q

what is stridor

A

a harsh vibrating noise when breathing caused by an obstruction of the windpipe or larynx

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24
Q

what is abnormal enlargement of the thyroid called

A

thyromegaly

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25
Q

what is the enlargement of the lymph nodes called

A

lymphadenopathy

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26
Q

what qualifies as tachycardia

A

greater than 100 bpm

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27
Q

what qualifies as bradycardia

A

less than 60 bpm

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28
Q

what is ectopy

A

extra heart beats outside the normal rhythm frequently related to the electrical conduction system of the heart

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29
Q

what does ectopy feel like to patients

A

a flip or a jolt

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30
Q

what is a heart murmur

A

an abnormal heart sound

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31
Q

what does a heart murmur sound like

A

a whopping or swishing

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32
Q

what is a gallop

A

an abnormal heart sound, there are sounds S1 and S2 known as Lub-dub. if there are three or four sounds called S3 or S4 it is indicative of heart failure or pulmonary edema

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33
Q

what is a pericardial rub

A

an extra heart soundd of to and fro character, typically one systolic and two diastolic, resembles sound of squeaky leather

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34
Q

what is carotid bruit

A

provider listens to the carotid artery with a stethoscope, a sound heart over the carotid artery due to decreased blood flow

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35
Q

what is jugular vein distention indicative of

A

heart failure or anything that interferes with filling of the right atrium

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36
Q

what is normal blood flow to the extremities called

A

normal perfusion

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37
Q

what is capillary refill

A

rate at which blood refills the capillaries

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38
Q

what is the DP pulse

A

dorsalis pedis pulse found on the top of the foot

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39
Q

where is the femoral pulse found

A

in the inguinal area

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40
Q

how is pitting edema measured

A

depressing the skin with a finger. if this causes an indentation that stays for some time after release, this is referred to as pitting edema. can be measured from 1+ to 4+

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41
Q

what can pitting edema be indicative of

A

heart failure

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42
Q

what is auscultation

A

the act of listening to lung sounds with a stethoscope

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43
Q

what is bibasilar

A

at the base of both lungs

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44
Q

what does wheezing sound like

A

a high pitched whistling sound

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45
Q

what do rales sound like

A

crackles

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46
Q

what do rhonchi sound like

A

whistling or snoring sound

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47
Q

what are retractions

A

when there is a partial blockage in the upper airway or the small airways in the lungs, air cannot flow freely and the pressure in this part of the body decreases so intercostal muscles are sucked in sharply

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48
Q

what is tripod position

A

when a patient sits or stands leaning forward, supporting the upper body with hands or knees on another surface

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49
Q

what is tachypnea

A

abnormally rapid breathing

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50
Q

what is increased ventilation of the alveoli called

A

hyperventilation

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51
Q

what is tapping on the chest called

A

percussion

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52
Q

what is the belly button called

A

umbilicus

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53
Q

what does RUQ stand for

A

right upper quadrant of abdomen

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54
Q

what is RUQ pain indicative of

A

problems with the gallbladder

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55
Q

what is RLQ

A

right lower quadrant of the abdomen

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56
Q

what does tenderness in RLQ a sign of

A

a problem with the appendix or ovaries

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57
Q

what would pain in the LUQ be a sign of

A

problems with colon

58
Q

what would LLQ pain be a sign of

A

problems with the ovaries in a female

59
Q

what is epigastric

A

in the mid abdomen above the belly button

60
Q

what is guarding

A

when physician palpates the abdomen, guarding is the tensing of the abdominal wall muscles in order to guard the inflamed organs within the abdomen from pain due to the pushing

61
Q

what is rebound tenderness

A

pain upon removal of pressure rather than application of pressure to the abdomen

62
Q

what does the presence of guarding or rebound suggest

A

abnormality in the peritoneal cavity

63
Q

what is Murphys sign

A

an exam finding that indicates a potential abnormality of the gallbladder often associated with acute cholcystitis

64
Q

how is the Murphys sign exam performed

A

asking the patient to breathe out and gently placing the hand in the RUQ. then the patient is asked to breathe, if the gallbladder is tender and in moving downward catches the examiners hand the test indicates acute cholecystitis

65
Q

what is mcburneys point

A

the name given to the point over the right side of the abdomen that Is one third of the distance from the iliac crest to the belly button. this point roughly corresponds to the appendix

66
Q

what is obturator sign

A

test for appendicitis

67
Q

how is the obturator sign test performed

A

the patient lies on her back with the hip and knee both flexed at 90 degrees. the examiner holds the patients ankle with one hand and the knee with the other. the examiner rotates the hip by moving the patients ankle was from the patients body while allowing the one to move only inward. if pain results this can be indicative of appendicitis

68
Q

what is psoas’s sign

A

test for appendicitis

69
Q

how is the test for psoas’s sign performed

A

the provider passively extends the thigh of a patient lying on their side with legs extended, if pain results this can be indicative of appendicitis

70
Q

what is rovsing’s sign

A

test for appendicitis

71
Q

how do you test for rovsings sign

A

palpation in the left lower quadrant of the abdomen increases pain in the right lower quadrant

72
Q

what are loud bowel sounds called

A

hyperactive bowel sounds

73
Q

what are quiet bowel sounds called

A

hypoactive bowel sounds

74
Q

what is an enlarged spleen called

A

splenomegaly

75
Q

what is an enlarged liver called

A

heptomegaly

76
Q

what is an enlarged liver and spleen called

A

hepatosplenomegaly

77
Q

what are ascites

A

the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity causing abdominal swelling

78
Q

what are hemorrhoids

A

swollen and inflamed veins in the rectum and anus that cause discomfort and bleeding

79
Q

what is a guaiac test

A

a test to check for invisible amounts of blood in the stool

80
Q

what is a hernia

A

bulging of an organ or tissue through an abnormal opening

81
Q

what is an incarcerated hernia

A

a hernia that cannot be manually pushed back in

82
Q

what happens in an incarcerated hernia

A

if a loop of intestine becomes trapped in the abdominal wall, it can obstruct the bowel, l

83
Q

what is an umbilical hernia

A

the intestine protrudes through abdominal muscles in the belly belly button

84
Q

what is the skin between the anus and the reproductive organs called

A

perineum

85
Q

how is a pelvic exam performed

A

inspects the external genitalia looking for irritation, redness. then they use a speculum to spread open the vaginal walls and view the vagina and cervix. then the provider inserts two lubricated gloved fingers into the vagina with one hand, while the other presses gently not he outside of the lower abdomen , checks the size and shape of the uterus and ovaries

86
Q

what does CMT stand for

A

cervical motion tenderness

87
Q

what is CMT

A

patient experiences tenderness when provider moves fingers around the cervix during a bimanual pelvis exam, if positive can be indicative of pelvic inflammatory disease

88
Q

what is another word for pregnant

A

gravid

89
Q

what is adnexa

A

structures used to connect organs, referring to adnexa of the uterus which are the ovaries and fallopian tubes

90
Q

what is torsion

A

refers to an organ twisting, interrupts the blood supply to that organ

91
Q

what is GCS

A

glasgow coma scale

92
Q

what is the GCS

A

a neurological scale which aims to give a reliable and objective way of recording the conscious state of a person the score is between 3 and 15

93
Q

what are DTRs

A

deep tendon reflexes

94
Q

how do you test DTRs

A

when a muscle tendon is tapped briskly the muscle contracts. a normal reflex is 2+ is lowered reflex it’d be +1 or 0

95
Q

what is ataxia

A

a neurological sign consisting of lack of voluntary coordination of muscle movements that includes gait abnormality

96
Q

what is hemiplegia

A

paralysis of one side of the body

97
Q

what is hemiparesis

A

weakness of one side of the body

98
Q

what is Romberg’s test

A

tests, proprioception, vestibular function, and vision. tested by asking a patient to stand and close their eyes, if they can’t stand this is a positive rombergs test

99
Q

what is pronator drift

A

indication of a subtle upper motor neuron disorder a patient is asked to hold both arms fully extended at shoulder level and hold the position, if they can’t maintain the position the result is positive, closing the eyes accentuates the effect because the brain is deprived of visual information about the position of the body and must rely on proprioception. if one of the hands turns over the test is positive

100
Q

what is aphasia

A

the loss of the ability to produce language

101
Q

what is dysarthria

A

slurred speech due to the inability to properly move the muscles of the tongue and mouth to produce clear an dconcise speech

102
Q

what does BUE stand for

A

bilateral upper extremities

103
Q

what does BLE stand for

A

bilateral lower extremities

104
Q

what is LUE

A

left upper extremity

105
Q

what is RUE

A

right upper extremity

106
Q

what is another word for elbow

A

olecranon

107
Q

what are the bones of the wrist

A

carpals

108
Q

what is the mcp joint

A

metacarpophapange al joint, joints between the metacarpal bones and the phalanges of fingers

109
Q

what is the PIP joint

A

proximal interphalangeal joint

110
Q

what is the DIP joint

A

distal interphalangeal joint

111
Q

what’s the snuff box

A

a triangular deepening on the hand, tenderness in this area indicates a fracture

112
Q

what is the malleolus

A

the bony prominence on each side of the ankle

113
Q

what does AKA and BKA stand for

A

above the knee and below the knee

114
Q

what is joint effusion

A

the presence of increased intra-articular fluid, swollen joint due to increased fluid

115
Q

what is nail clubbing

A

deformity of the finger or toe nails associated with a number of diseases

116
Q

what is paraspinal muscle tenderness

A

tenderness along the paraspinal msucles

117
Q

what is spinal stenosis

A

narrowing of the spinal canal

118
Q

what is foramina stenosis

A

narrowing of the passageways between each stacked vertebra. nerves leave the spinal cord and travel to the rest of the body through these passageways

119
Q

what is a herniated disc

A

a condition when the soft center of the spinal disc pushes through a crack in the tougher exterior casing

120
Q

what does the straight leg raise test test for

A

a test to determine whether a patient with low back pain has a herniated disk, with patient lying down the provider lifts the patients leg if the patient has pain down the leg when it is at an angle between 30 and 70 degrees then the test it positive

121
Q

what is sciatica

A

low back pain radiating along the sciatic nerve, running down one or both legs caused by a herniated disk

122
Q

what is CVA tenderness

A

the costovertebral angle is known as your flank, tenderness is determined by tapping on the area of the back overlying the kidneys, if the patient has tenderness they often have a kidney infection

123
Q

what is supple

A

when the neck can be easily bent

124
Q

what is nuchal rigidity

A

neck stiffness, can be a sign of meningitis

125
Q

what is brudzinkskis sign

A

a test for meningitis, severe neck stiffness causes a patients hips and knees to flex when the neck is flexed. positive for meningitis

126
Q

what is kernigs sign

A

test for meningitis, sever stiffness of the hamstrings causes an inability to straighten the leg when the hip is flexed to 90 degrees

127
Q

what is meningismus

A

clinical signs of meningitis, nuchal rigidity, photophobia, and headache

128
Q

what is crepitus

A

a medical term to describe the grating, crackling or popping sounds and sensations experienced under the skin and joints as bones rub together or a crackling sensation due to the presence of air in the subcutaneous tissue

129
Q

what is urticaria

A

hives

130
Q

what is blanching

A

a rash that disappears when pressed

131
Q

what is tinea

A

very common, highly contagious, final infection of the skin or scalp, ring like appearance, “ringworm”

132
Q

what is turgor

A

a sign used by health care workers to assess fluid loss or dehydration. to determine skin turgor, the skin on the back of the hand is grasped so it is tented up, the skin is held for a few seconds an d released. skin with normal turgor snaps back into position

133
Q

what is redness of the skin called

A

erythema

134
Q

what is another word for pus

A

purulent

135
Q

what is induration

A

a term describing how inflamed and infected skin feels when pushed. if the skin has induration the skin feels hard when pressed

136
Q

what is fluctuance

A

how inflamed and infection skin feels when pressed. if there is fluctuant the skin has a pocket of pus

137
Q

what is another name for ecchymosis

A

bruising

138
Q

what is a hematoma

A

a solid swelling of clotted blood within the tissues

139
Q

what is cyanosis

A

a bluish discoloration of the skin

140
Q

what is petechiae

A

pinpoint round sports that appear on the skin as a result of bleeding, the petechiae appears red, brown, or purple

141
Q

what is purpura

A

purple colored spots on the skin, its when small blood vessels leak blood under the skin

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