Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Orthopedics > Physical Exam LE > Flashcards

Physical Exam LE Flashcards

1
Q 
HIP AND THIGH
Inspection
1. Anterior View? 2
2. Posterior View? 2
3. Gait? 2
A
  1. Anterior view:
    - thigh atrophy,
    - extremity alignment
  2. Posterior view:
    - atrophy,
    - Trendelenberg test
  3. Gait:
    - antalgic gait,
    - Trendelenberg (usually secondary)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

HIP AND THIGH
Palpation
1. Supine? 3
2. Lateral? 2

A
  1. Supine:
    - adenopathy,
    - ASIS,
    - pelvic obliquity
  2. Lateral:
    - greater trochanter,
    - ischial tuberosity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

HIP AND THIGH
Range of Motion – patient supine
Supine:
6

A
  • flex until pelvis moves 110-130,
  • Thomas test
  • Abduction (35-50) and adduction (25-35)
  • Internal and external rotation,
  • hip flexed to 90
  • Extension – patient prone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q 
HIP AND THIGH
Strength testing
1. Flexors? 2
2. Extensors? 3
3. Abductors? 1
4. Adductors? 3
A
    • pt sitting,
    • bring knee up against resistance
    • pt prone,
    • knee flexed,
    • bring leg off of table
  3. side lying
    • pt supine,
    • legs spread,
    • bring them together
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

HIP AND THIGH
Special Tests
1. Trendelenberg?
2. Stand on one leg?

A
  1. tests abductor strength

2. does pelvis stay level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

HIP AND THIGH

What does the Faber/Patrick test analyze?

A
  1. tests for hip and SI joint pathology

figure 4, press down on knee – hip and SI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

HIP AND THIGH
1. Piriformis- looking for?

  1. Motions?
A
  1. lateral hip discomfort

2. side lying, push upper knee against table

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

HIP AND THIGH
1. What does straight leg test for?

  1. Motion?
A
  1. Straight leg raising – hamstring flexibility and sciatic nerve tension
  2. Keep hand on pelvis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q 
KNEES AND LOWER LEG
Inspection
1. Anterior view? 2
2. Posterior view?
3. Squat? 2
A
    • atrophy,
    • varus/valgus of the knees
  2. atrophy thigh or calf
    • tests for knee flexion,
    • duck walk
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q 
KNEES AND LOWER LEG
Palpation
1. Effusion? 2
2. Patella? 4
3. Tracking? 3
4. Joint line tenderness? 2
A
    • may need to milk suprapatellar pouch,
    • fluid wave
    • crepitation,
    • tendon rupture,
    • poles,
    • articular surface
    • start at 90,
    • fully extend,
    • Q angle
    • knee at 90,
    • MCL over mid medial joint
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

KNEES AND LOWER LEG

ROM? 2

A
  1. flexion and extension,

2. active and passive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

KNEES AND LOWER LEG
Muscle testing
1. quadriceps? 2
2. hamstrings? 2

A
    • sitting,
    • extend bent knee
    • prone or sitting,
    • flex bent knee
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

KNEES AND LOWER LEG

Special Tests: 6

A
  1. Patellar apprehension
  2. Grind test
  3. McMurray test
  4. Valgus and Varus stress with knee bent
  5. Tests for ACL tear
  6. Test for PCL tear
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

KNEE AND LOWER LEG
Describe the following tests and who they are for:
1. Patellar apprehension?
2. Grind test
3. McMurray test
4. Valgus and Varus stress with knee bent

A
  1. Patellar apprehension – lateral subluxation with knee bent 30
    - In patients who had patellar subluxations/dislocations
  2. Grind test – for chondromalacia
    - knee extended, hand on patella, tighten quad against resistance
  3. McMurray test – for torn meniscus, straighten knee with foot
    - Externally rotated, medial – Internally rotated, lateral
  4. Valgus and varus stress with knee bent 30 degrees
    - Valgus give with MCL tear –
    - Varus give with LCL tear
    - Give in full extension – ACL also torn
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

KNEE AND LOWER LEG
1. What are the Tests for ACL tear? 3

  1. Test for PCL tear? 1
A
  1. Tests for ACL tear – feel for motion and end point
  • Lachman test: anterior give at 30*, knee under thigh, ?end point
  • Anterior drawer: knee bent at 90, sit on foot, less sensitive
  • Pivot shift: extend ext’ly rotated bent knee, press fibular head
  1. Test for PCL tear – posterior drawer
    - Knee bent at 90, posterior sag, no end point
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q 
FOOT AND ANKLE
What are we looking for on inspection with the following:
1. Anterior? 1
2. Medial? 1
3. Lateral view? 2
4. Posterior? 3
5. Gait? 5
6. Toes? 3
7. Plantar surface? 3
A
  1. alignment of foot and toes,
  2. assess the arch and midfoot
    • swelling,
    • calcaneal prominence
    • heel alignment,
    • too-many toes,
    • stand on toes (heel varus)
    • heel strike,
    • mid-stance,
    • toe-off,
    • swing phase
    • amount of external rotation of feet (0 – 20 degrees normal
    • bunions,
    • hammer and claw toes,
    • spread toes
    • warts,
    • callus,
    • ulcerations
17
Q

FOOT AND ANKLE

What are we palpating?

A
  1. Medial malleolus
  2. Posterior heel
  3. Lateral malleolus
  4. Anterior ankle
  5. Plantar fascia
18
Q 
FOOT AND ANKLE
What are we palpating on the following:
1. Medial malleolus? 2
2. Posterior heel? 3
3. Lateral malleolus? 1
4. Anterior ankle? 2
5. Plantar fascia? 2
A
  1. Medial malleolus:
    - tinel’s,
    - post tib
  2. Posterior heel:
    - Achilles,
    - pump bump,
    - Hagland’s
  3. Lateral malleolus:
    - peroneal tendons
  4. Anterior ankle:
    - joint line,
    - anterior talofibular ligament
  5. Plantar fascia:
    - calcaneal insertion,
    - windlass effect
19
Q

FOOT AND ANKLE

  1. Range of motion: foot at ___?
  2. Dorsiflexion: what angle?
  3. Plantar flexion
  4. Inversion and eversion (subtalar): Tell the pt to do what?
  5. Supination and pronation: Do what?
A
  1. 90
  2. (10 – 20)
  3. (35 – 50)
  4. foot at 90, cup and move heel
  5. (rotation of foot along long axis)
20
Q

FOOT AND ANKLE
Muscle testing for which?
5

A
  1. Posterior tib
  2. Peroneals
  3. Anterior tib
  4. Gastroc-soleus
  5. EHL, FHL
21
Q 
FOOT AND ANKLE
How would we test the following muscles:
1. Posterior tib
2. Peroneals
3. Anterior tib 
4. Gastroc-soleus 
5. EHL, FHL
A
  1. Posterior tib – invert plantar flexed foot against resistance
  2. Peroneals – evert dorsiflexed foot against resistance
  3. Anterior tib – dorsiflex against resistance
  4. Gastroc-soleus – stand on tip toes
  5. EHL, FHL – against resistance, start with toe at 90
22
Q

FOOT AND ANKLE
Special tests?
4

A
  1. Anterior drawer
  2. Varus stress
  3. Interdigital neuroma
  4. Thompson test
23
Q

How would you do the following tests:

  1. Anterior drawer? How would this be positive?
  2. Varus stress? How would this be positive?
  3. Interdigital neuroma? How would this be positive?
  4. Thompson test?
A
  1. Anterior drawer: ankle slightly down, push heel forward v tibia
    - Excessive give and no solid end point with ant talo-fib laxity
  2. Varus stress: invert foot while holding ankle at 90
    - Excessive give with calcaneo-fibular laxity
  3. Interdigital neuroma: pain between MT heads with vertical pressure
    - Pain with horizontal compression of forefoot
  4. Thompson test: squeeze calf, plantar flexion of foot if Achilles intact

Orthopedics (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions