Physical Diagnosis 4 Flashcards
triglycerides
esters of glycerol and fatty acids, synthesized by the liver and stored in fat tissues
triglycerides increased in..
decreased in..
increased: diabetes mellitus, atherosclerotic tendencies
decreased: cirrhosis
LE cell
microscopic identification of a neutrophil that has ingested a modified nucleus from another neutrophil. this occurrence requires the presence of the LE factor probably an antibody in the patient. 50-70% of the active cases of SLE can be detected with this test. false positive may result if the patient has a collagen disease
prothrombin time
protein produced by liver and utilized for blood clotting. adequate vitamin K is essential during the clotting process to convert prothrombin to thrombin
indirectly measures the ability of the blood to clot and directly measures a defect in stage 2 clotting mechanism
this is useful in the management of anticoagulant therapy
prothrombin time is increased in..
decreased
increased in vitamin K deficiency, hepatocellumar disease
decreased- clotting too fast
RA latex +
in the blood of every person, but increased in those with rheumatoid arthritis
RA latex + is increased in..
RA, SLE
Reed Sternberg cell
characteristic picture of Hodgkin’s disease shows these cells.
they are large multinucleated lymphocytes
AST/SGOT
an enzyme associated with necrosis of the HEART, liver, skeletal muscle, kidneys and other tissues
following an infarct the enzyme is released into the blood
AST/SGOT increased in..
MI, destructive liver conditions, muscular dystrophies
ALT/SGPT
present in LIVER and muscle tissue. primarily used to indicate liver disease
ALT/SPGT is increased in..
MI, hepatitis
T3
thyroid hormone that is present in the blood all the time. it is more active in influencing metabolic rate than T4
T3 is increased in..
decreased in
increased in: hyperthyroidism
decreased in: hypothyroidism
T4
principle thyroid hormone stored in the thyroid. almost all the thyroid hormones in the blood are bound to proteins
T4 is increased in..
decreased in..
increased in: hyperthyroidism
decreased in: hypothyroidism
TSH
hormone from anterior pituitary that is an activator or deactivator of thyroid activity
TSH is increased in..
decreased in..
increased in: hypothyroidism
decreased in: hyperthyroidism
uric acid
end product of purine metabolism, uric acid is a metabolite of nucleic acid degeneration. it is used primarily as an aid in the diagnosis of gout. diet has an effect on uric acid only on a long-term basis. the amount of increase is not directly related to the severity of gout
western blot
test for AIDS (can also use IFA)
ELISA
screening test used on those who are taking or giving blood to rule out the possibility of AIDS. two positive ELISA tests are necessary before ordering a western blot test. Diagnosis of AIDS is based on symptoms, decreased T helper cells and the presence of uncommon opportunistic infections and tumors as well as positive blood tests
Comprehensive metabolic profile
evaluates cardiac, bone and liver function
Na, K, Cl, Co2, BUN, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, ALT/SPGT, glucose, total protein, total bilirubin, SGOT/AST, creatinine
complete blood count
RBC count, WBC count, platelet count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, differential, MCV, MCH, MCHC
RBCs
carry oxygen from lungs to body and transfer CO2 from the tissues to the lungs. accomplished by hemoglobin in the RBCs
decreased in anemias
