Physical Diagnosis 4

Question 1

triglycerides

Answer 1

esters of glycerol and fatty acids, synthesized by the liver and stored in fat tissues

Question 2

triglycerides increased in..

decreased in..

Answer 2

increased: diabetes mellitus, atherosclerotic tendencies
decreased: cirrhosis

Question 3

LE cell

Answer 3

microscopic identification of a neutrophil that has ingested a modified nucleus from another neutrophil. this occurrence requires the presence of the LE factor probably an antibody in the patient. 50-70% of the active cases of SLE can be detected with this test. false positive may result if the patient has a collagen disease

Question 4

prothrombin time

Answer 4

protein produced by liver and utilized for blood clotting. adequate vitamin K is essential during the clotting process to convert prothrombin to thrombin
indirectly measures the ability of the blood to clot and directly measures a defect in stage 2 clotting mechanism
this is useful in the management of anticoagulant therapy

Question 5

prothrombin time is increased in..

decreased

Answer 5

increased in vitamin K deficiency, hepatocellumar disease

decreased- clotting too fast

Question 6

RA latex +

Answer 6

in the blood of every person, but increased in those with rheumatoid arthritis

Question 7

RA latex + is increased in..

Answer 7

RA, SLE

Question 8

Reed Sternberg cell

Answer 8

characteristic picture of Hodgkin’s disease shows these cells.
they are large multinucleated lymphocytes

Question 9

AST/SGOT

Answer 9

an enzyme associated with necrosis of the HEART, liver, skeletal muscle, kidneys and other tissues
following an infarct the enzyme is released into the blood

Question 10

AST/SGOT increased in..

Answer 10

MI, destructive liver conditions, muscular dystrophies

Question 11

ALT/SGPT

Answer 11

present in LIVER and muscle tissue. primarily used to indicate liver disease

Question 12

ALT/SPGT is increased in..

Answer 12

MI, hepatitis

Question 13

T3

Answer 13

thyroid hormone that is present in the blood all the time. it is more active in influencing metabolic rate than T4

Question 14

T3 is increased in..

decreased in

Answer 14

increased in: hyperthyroidism

decreased in: hypothyroidism

Question 15

T4

Answer 15

principle thyroid hormone stored in the thyroid. almost all the thyroid hormones in the blood are bound to proteins

Question 16

T4 is increased in..

decreased in..

Answer 16

increased in: hyperthyroidism

decreased in: hypothyroidism

Question 17

TSH

Answer 17

hormone from anterior pituitary that is an activator or deactivator of thyroid activity

Question 18

TSH is increased in..

decreased in..

Answer 18

increased in: hypothyroidism

decreased in: hyperthyroidism

Question 19

uric acid

Answer 19

end product of purine metabolism, uric acid is a metabolite of nucleic acid degeneration. it is used primarily as an aid in the diagnosis of gout. diet has an effect on uric acid only on a long-term basis. the amount of increase is not directly related to the severity of gout

Question 20

western blot

Answer 20

test for AIDS (can also use IFA)

Question 21

ELISA

Answer 21

screening test used on those who are taking or giving blood to rule out the possibility of AIDS. two positive ELISA tests are necessary before ordering a western blot test. Diagnosis of AIDS is based on symptoms, decreased T helper cells and the presence of uncommon opportunistic infections and tumors as well as positive blood tests

Question 22

Comprehensive metabolic profile

Answer 22

evaluates cardiac, bone and liver function
Na, K, Cl, Co2, BUN, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, ALT/SPGT, glucose, total protein, total bilirubin, SGOT/AST, creatinine

Question 23

complete blood count

Answer 23

RBC count, WBC count, platelet count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, differential, MCV, MCH, MCHC

Question 24

RBCs

Answer 24

carry oxygen from lungs to body and transfer CO2 from the tissues to the lungs. accomplished by hemoglobin in the RBCs
decreased in anemias

Question 25

macrocytic anemia

Answer 25

RBC, hematocrit, and hemoglobin decreased

MCV increased

Question 26

normocytic anemia

Answer 26

RBC quantity decreased

Question 27

microcytic anemia

Answer 27

RBC, hematocrit, hemoglobin, MCV decreased

Question 28

WBCs

Answer 28

associated with phagocytosis and antibody activity

increased in infection and malignancy

Question 29

aspiration

Answer 29

gout, bacterial arthritis, osteomyelitis, CPPD

Question 30

audiometer

Answer 30

hearing loss

Question 31

biopsy

Answer 31

tumor (hodgkin’s), temporal arteritis (giant cell arteritis)

Question 32

bone scan

Answer 32

intrinsic bone changes, hidden fratures

Question 33

bronchoscopy

Answer 33

bronchogenic carcinoma

Question 34

colonoscopy

Answer 34

lower GI disease

Question 35

CT scan

Answer 35

trauma, infection, vascular, neoplastic, arthritis/metabolic disorder, lung, spinal canal stenosis

Question 36

DEXA scan

Answer 36

osteoporosis

Question 37

doppler

Answer 37

arterial alterans (blood flow)

Question 38

EMG

Answer 38

LMNL, muscle atrophy

Question 39

NCV

Answer 39

LMNL, peripheral nerves

Question 40

endoscopy

Answer 40

GI tract

Question 41

mantoux test

Answer 41

TINE test also for TB

Question 42

MRI

Answer 42

spinal tumor, brain, MS, musculoskeletal injuries

Question 43

myelography

Answer 43

lateral recess canal protrusion

Question 44

PET

Answer 44

bone and soft tissue, tumor, heart, brain

Question 45

SSEP

Answer 45

MS, myoclonus

Question 46

spirometer

Answer 46

COPD

Question 47

sputum culture

Answer 47

strep, TB, pneumonia

Question 48

ultrasound (diagnostic)

Answer 48

aneurysm, organs, gallstones, pregnancy

Question 49

D-dimer

Answer 49

pulmonary embolism