Neurological Diagnosis 2 Flashcards
arm abduction
C5
forearm flexion
C5
wrist extension
C6
wrist flexion
C7
finger extension
C7
finger flexion
C8
finger abduction
T1
finger adduction
T1
inversion and dorsiflexion of the foot
L4
toe extension, heel walk
L5
eversion, plantar flexion
S1
hip abduction
L5
hip extension
S1
middle deltoid
C5
extensor carpi radialis/ulnaris
C6
flexor carpi radialis/ulnaris
C7
triceps
C7
flexor digitorum superficialis/profundus, lumbricals
C8
dorsal and palmar interossei
T1
tibialis anterior
L4
extensor digitorum, extensor hallucis longus
L5
gluteus medius and minimus
L5
peroneus longus/brevis
S1
gluteus maximus
S1
sensory distribution of L4
medial aspect of leg
sensory distribution of L5
lateral aspect of the leg across dorsum of foot, lateral to big toe, and digits 2,3,4
sensory distribution S1
lateral aspect of foot, little toe and plantar surface of foot
common causes of median nerve entrapment (carpal tunnel syndrome)
trauma, obesity, fluid retention, pregnancy, hypothyroidism, RA
common causes of median nerve entrapment (pronator teres syndrome)
hypertonicity of the muscle caused by things such as occupation (carpenters, mechanics)
common causes of ulnar nerve entrapment
direct trauma or repetitive microtrauma
common causes of radial nerve entrapment
trauma, lead poisoning, pressure from crutches
common causes of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve entrapment
external pressure, obesity, tight jeans
common causes of sciatic nerve entrapment
trauma, traction, wallet pressure, piriformis, muscle spasm
treatment for median nerve entrapment (carpal tunnel syndrome)
adjust, cock up splint, diuretic, vitamin B6
treatment for median nerve entrapment (pronator teres syndrome)
trigger point therapy, spray and stretch
treatment for ulnar nerve entrapment
adjust, tape and support
treatment for radial nerve entrapment
adjust, increase strength, stretch
treatment for lateral femoral cutaneous nerve entrapment
advise with weight loss and loose clothing
S/S for median nerve entrapment (carpal tunnel syndrome)
nocturnal pain, paresthesia of the hand, thenar atrophy, weak opponens pollicis (ape hand), affects the first 3 fingers
S/S for median nerve entrapment (pronator teres syndrome
pain on volar aspect of the forearm, paresthesia in median distribution of the hand (first 3 fingers), pain with pronation and has thenar atrophy
S/S for ulnar nerve entrapment
pain, tingling and numbness in the last 2 digits and weakness of the adductor pollicis (claw hand), hypothenar atrophy
S/S of cubital tunnel syndrome
pain, tingling and numbness in the last 2 digits and weakness of the adductor pollicis (claw hand), hypothenar atrophy
weak wrist flexion on ulnar side
S/S for radial nerve entrapment
wrist drop, loss of triceps reflex, decreased sensation to posterior arm
S/S for lateral femoral cutaneous nerve entrapment
burning dysesthesia on anterolateral thigh (L2, L3 nerve roots)
S/S for sciatic nerve entrapment
sensory pain in the posterior buttocks, thigh, leg down to floor. weak knee flexion and decreased achilles reflex
tests for median nerve entrapment (carpal tunnel syndrome)
tinel’s sign, phalen’s, thumb abduction strength, grip strength, dynamometer
tests for median nerve entrapment (pronator teres syndrome)
pinch grip test
tests for ulnar nerve entrapment
tinel’s, froment’s
tibial nerve entrapment causes
posterior traumatic ankle deformity, subluxation, arthritis, edema
morton’s neuroma causes
repetitive microtrauma, RA, or foot deformities
deep nerve entrapment causes
trauma (tibial fracture), repetitive loading and unloading
tibial nerve treatments
adjust, orthotic support to keep foot in slight inversion
morton’s neuroma treatments
surgery may be necessary
deep peroneal nerve treatments
fasciotomy
S/S of tibial nerve entrapment
burning paresthesia on soles of feet, aggravated by walking or standing
decreased sensation on soles of feet and weak muscles of foot
S/S of morton’s neuroma
pain in toes and dorsum of foot
S/S of deep peroneal nerve entrapment
can affect any and all four muscles of that compartment (tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, peroneus tertius)
S/S similar to charcot marie tooth
tests for tibial nerve entrapment
tinel’s at ankle
tests for morton’s neuroma
morton’s squeeze
tests for deep peroneal nerve entrapment
muscle strength
