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*Part IV Boards > Neurological Diagnosis 3 > Flashcards

Neurological Diagnosis 3 Flashcards

1
Q

swan neck deformity

A

hyperflexion of the DIP and hyperextenson of PIP

seen with RA

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2
Q

boutonneire deformity

A

hyperextension of DIP and hyperflexion of PIP

seen with RA

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3
Q

de quervain’s tenosynovitis

A

inflammation of extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus tendons on the side of the wrist at the base of the thumb. can be brought on by simple strain injury. treated by bracing the thumb and wrist
+finkelstein’s test

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4
Q

syringomyelia

A

pathological longitudinal cyst of the central canal of the spinal cord. fluid filling cavities expand in adult years (congenital weakening usually at the C5-6 area
loss of sense of pain and temperature over the shoulders and back in a cape like distribution

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5
Q

multiple sclerosis

A

demyelination of CNS producing demyelinization of the spinal cord and later in the brain. plaques are present (MRI). both motor and sensory tracts are affected. most commonly seen in females age 20-40.
periods of exacerbation and remission
heat exacerbates the the symptoms

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6
Q

multiple sclerosis S/S

A

diplopia, scotomas, transient blindness, optic neuritis, pain, vertigo, and UMNL in the legs causing distal weakness.
+Lhermitte’s test
Charcot’s triad: scanning speech, intention tremors, nystagmus

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7
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

autoimmune disease in which the body makes antibodies against acetylcholine receptors. myoneuronal junction dysfunction. affects the motor cranial nerves first and then the proximal muscles

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8
Q

myasthenia gravis S/S

A

ptosis, diplopia, dysarthria, fatigue of muscles (especially following exercise)
muscle weakness varies during the day being worse at the end of the day
females age 20-40. diagnosed with ACHr, acetylcholine receptor test and treated with cholinesterase inhibiting drugs

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9
Q

lou Gehrig’s disease

A

ALS
affects the corticospinal tract and anterior horn. usually begins in hands/feet and life expectancy is short seen in males >40

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10
Q

S/S of lou gehrig’s disease

A

fasciculation are present as well as spasticity and increased DTRs. LMNL in the arms and UMNL in the legs

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11
Q

parkinson’s

A

a chronic progressive condition associated with loss of dopamine in the substantia nigra causing basal ganglionic dysfunction. gradual onset over age 50

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12
Q

S/S parkinson’s

A

resting tremors, mask like face, festinating gait, cogwheel/lead pipe rigidity, forward stooped posture, bradykinesia, soft voice, constipation

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13
Q

guillian-barre syndrome

A

inflammatory, demyelinating polyneuropathy of the PNS linked to recent immunizations or seen after recent illness.

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14
Q

S/S gullian-barre syndrome

A

ascending paralysis and sensory symptoms

generally can recover

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15
Q

charcot-marie-tooth

A

muscle weakness, bilateral foot drop, decreased muscle size, decreased sensation, tremor, hand contracture

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16
Q

propulsion/festinating/shuffling

A

parkinson’s, forward leanig posture with small, shuffling steps, decreased arm movement

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17
Q

steppage

A

anterior compartment syndrome, foot drop, L4 lesion/paresis of tibialis anterior

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18
Q

trendelenburg

A

weak gluteus medius causing lurching and drastic pelvic tilting on affected side

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19
Q

slappage

A 
posterior column disease
sensory ataxia (difficulty walking in the dark)
20
Q

circumduction/hemiplegic

A

stroke, swinging, unilateral, spastic hemiplegia

21
Q

scissor

A

cerebral palsy

22
Q

antalgic

A

gait is utilized to avoid provoking pain

23
Q

drunken

A

wide based gate (cerebellum)

24
Q

gallbladder referral site

A

right shoulder, inferior tip of scapula

25
Q

pancreas referral site

A

spine at T10 level (epigastric)

26
Q

heart referral site

A

left shoulder and medial left arm

27
Q

intestines referral site

A

periumbilical

28
Q

appendix referral site

A

epigastric- early

RLQ- late

29
Q

kidney referral site

A

flank

30
Q

ureter referral site

A

groin

31
Q

bladder referral site

A

suprapubic area

32
Q

COMMON MIGRAINE

A

childhood and early adulthood
females
unilateral or bilateral
photophobia, throbbing, worse behind one eye, nausea/vomiting, familial, decreasing with advancing age, pregnancy
provoked by bright light, chocolate, cheese, tension, red wine, menstrual cycle
avoid triggers, adjust, stress reduction activities

33
Q

CLASSIC MIGRAINE

A

childhood and early adulthood
females
typically unilateral
aura (scintillating scotoma)
photophobia, throbbing, worse behind one eye, nausea/vomiting, familial, decreasing with advancing age, pregnancy
provoked by bright light, chocolate, cheese, tension, red wine, menstrual cycle
avoid triggers, adjust, stress reduction activities

34
Q

HYPERTENSION HEADACHE

A 
adult
occipital, vertex
throbbing, wake up with headache
provoked by decreased weighg and NaCl
lab tests: blood pressure, lipid profile
35
Q

CLUSTER HEADACHE

A

adolescent to adult
unilateral, orbital, temporal
wake up at night with headache, lasts 15-180 minutes, not aggravated by exertion, rhinorrhea, facial sweating, red eye, miosis, ptosis
provoked by alcohol, usually occurs together in “clusters”, seasonal, smoking
oxygen treatment

36
Q

MUSCULAR TENSION HEADACHE

A

any age
band-like
pressure, muscle tightness
provoked by fatigue, tension, stress, work

37
Q

TEMPORAL ARTERITIS

A

over 50 yo
unilateral, temporal
persistent burning, aching, throbbing, polymyalgia rheumatica
scalp sensitive, tender arteries
labs: ESR elevated, biopsy, 911 emergency, refer to vascular specialist

38
Q

cervicogenic/vertebrogenic

A 
adult
occipital, upper cervical
often daily, decreased ROM in upper cervical and occiput, pain in neck referred to head
provoked by head movement
test: flexion/extension views
adjustment and massage treatment
39
Q

sinus headache

A

any age
localized and changes with body position
steady throb, local tenderness, worse in the morning
chronic sinusitis

40
Q

subarachnoid hemorrhage

A 
any age
basilar area
abrupt onset, constant, stiff neck, excruciating pain like never before experienced
provoked by hypertension, stress
test: high BP, fever
41
Q

subdural hematoma

A

any age
slow bleed following a trauma, s/s evident days-weeks post injury
provoked by trauma
send to ER

42
Q

brain tumor

A

any age
any place and changes with body position
onset morning and evening, mild to severe, throbbing, neck stiffness worse than ever, progressively worse
provoked by tumor growth

43
Q

MENINGEAL IRRITATION

A 
any age
stiff neck
photophobia, fever, nuchal rigidity, severe head pain
worse in flexion
test: kernig/brudzinski, CSF tap
44
Q

hypoglycemic

A

generalized pain
skipping meals
test: fasting blood glucose

45
Q

POST CONCUSSIVE headache

A 
any age
localized general pain
loss of memory, visual disturbances
provoked by fall, MVA, whiplash injury, trauma
refer to neurologist/ER
46
Q

TMJ

A

interarticular dysfunction, myofascial pain syndrome, temporomandibular capsulitis

*Part IV Boards (14 decks)

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