Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

*Part IV Boards > Physical Diagnosis 2 > Flashcards

Physical Diagnosis 2 Flashcards

1
Q

pancreatitis

A

epigastric pain going straight through the T10-T12 area like a knife (viscerosomatic)

chronic: seen with alcoholism
acute: 911 emergency (most common cause is cholelithiasis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

grey turner sign

A

bleeding into flank

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

cullen’s sign

A

periumbilical ecchymosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

lab tests

A

increased amylase and lipase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

a condition in which the pancreas does not produce a sufficient amount of insulin to take the sugar out of the blood and transport it to the tissues of the body
the starved tissues force the breakdown of fats in order to obtain energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is included in diabetes?

A

elevated blood glucose levels
retinopathy
neuropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

signs and symptoms of diabetes

A

polydipsia
polyphagia
polyuria
ketoacidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

tests for diabetes

A

glucose tolerance test
fasting plasma glucose
HbA1C (glycosylated hemoglobin)
urinalysis (glucose/ketones)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

diabetes insipidus

A

condition of posterior pituitary gland in which there is insufficient ADH. may have polydipsia, polyuria, but not polyphagia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

hiatal hernia

A

protrusion of the somtach above the diaphragm. presents with palpable tenderness in LUQ, reflux esophagitis (acid reflux), dyspepsia (indigestion), made worse after eating large meal or when lying down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

reflux esophagitis

A

upward reflux of acid contents of the stomach into the esophagus
caused by sliding hiatal hernia
worse when lying down, after big meal, vlavalva, or bearing down.
tests: x ray or upper GI series

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

mononucleosis

A

caused by HHV-4 (epstein barr) and is seen in young adults
presents with symptoms similar to the flu such as fever, headache, fatigue, lymphadenopathy in the cervical region, splenomegaly
atypical lymphocytes (downey cells)
monospot (heterophile agglutination, paul bunnell test)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

regional ileitis

A

chrone’s, right side of intestines
nonspecific inflammatory disorder that affects distal ileum and colon
inflammation is patchy with healthy tissue between the patches, which is referred to as “cobblestone” appearance. do not absorb B12 due to location of problem
presents with RLQ pain, chronic diarrhea
leads to malabsorption syndrome
diagnose with sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ulcerative colitis

A 
left side of intestines
most common at colon and rectum
presents with bloody diarrhea and fever
can lead to sacroiliitis (enteropathic arthropathy)
sigmoidoscopy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

irritable bowel

A

spastic colon
variable degrees of constipation and diarrhea in response to stress
seen more commonly in females
abdominal pain and gas relieved by bowel movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

appendicitis

A

dull periumbilical or epigastic pain that radiates to lower right quadrant
presents with fever, nausea, vomiting and anorexia
increased WBC (shilling shift to left)
tests: mcburney’s point, rebound tenderness-peritonitis, blumberg’s rebound tenderness-peritonitis, rovsing’s sign, psoas sign obturator sign, CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

psoas sign

A

lift R leg against resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

obtruator sign

A

internal and external rotation of R leg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

nephrolithiasis

A

made of calcium (MC calcium oxalates)
back pain radiating into the groin (ureter stone). pain is writhing
murphy’s kidney punch +
evaluate by increased BUN, uric acid, creatinine clearance. KUB study
UA reveals hematuria (cut ureters so could have infection)
staghorn calculi-most common cause is hydronephrosis due to kidney stone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

pyelonephritis

A

ecoli from UTI

WBC casts

21
Q

urethritis

A

caused most commonly by ecoli in females and gonorrhea in males
nitrites in urine

22
Q

cystitis

A

noninfectious bladder inflammation that causes burning, painful and frequent urination with incontinence
patient will also have suprapubic and low back pain

23
Q

breast cancer

A

second most common cause of cancer death in women, most common >50 years old, most common location is the upper/outer quadrant. presents with nipple retraction, bleeding, orange peel appearance, and dimpling (paget’s disease of the breast)
metastasis to axilla via lymphatic system and will be most likely lytic when seen in bone

24
Q

prostatic carcinoma

A

posterior lobe is hard, nodular, painless, and enlarged. most common place to metastasize is to the lumbar spine via batson’s plexus
labs: PSA, ACID PHOSPHATASE, alkaline phosphatase

25
Q

RUQ pain

A

liver
kidney
dueodenum (ulcer)

26
Q

RLQ pain

A

appendix
ovary
colon (chron’s)

27
Q

LUQ pain

A

spleen
kidney
stomach
hiatal hernia

28
Q

LLQ pain

A

ulcerative colitis

diverticulitis

29
Q

epigastic pain

A

pancreas

30
Q

mid lower pain

A

aorta
bladder
uterus
prostate

31
Q

abdominal examination procedure

A

pillow under patient’s head
knees bent
start away from complaint until very end

32
Q

auscultation of abdomen

A 
bowel sounds checking for paralytic ileus (diaphragm)
abdominal aorta (2" superior and slight left/umbilicus- check 3 spots)
renal artery (2" lateral to abdominal aorta)
iliac artery (2" diagonal and down from umilicus)
femoral artery (below inguinal ligament)
33
Q

percussion of abdomen

A

percuss 3 times in each quadrant listening for tympany

34
Q

percussion of the inferior border of the liver

A

begin in the mid clavicular line at the level of the umbilicus and percuss upward from tympany to dull
repeat the same procedure in the mid-sternal line
the normal span of the liver should be 6-12 cm mid-clavicular line and 4-8 cm mid-sternal line (percussion from S-I must be done to obtain an actual measurement)

35
Q

percussion of the spleen

A

percuss the last rib interspace on the left side in the midaxillary line
repeat while the patient holds a deep inhalation. if the sound changes from tympany to dull this indicates splenomegaly

36
Q

palpation of the abdomen

A 
light palpation (muscular resistance, abdominal tenderness, superficial masses, involuntary spasm of abdominal muscles)
deep palpation (shape, size, locations, cosistency, pulsations, mobility of organs and masses
if a mass is palpated determine if it is superifical vs deep by having the patient do a partial sit up. if the mass becomes more obvious, it is superficial, if it becomes less obvious it is deep
37
Q

Rovsing sign*

A

pressure in the LLQ produces pain in the RLQ

indicates appendicitis

38
Q

Psoas sign*

A

pain with flexion of thigh against resistance

indicates appendicitis

39
Q

Obturator sign*

A

flex hip and internally rotate the knee produces pain in the RLQ
appendicitis/peritonitis

40
Q

Blumberg’s rebound tenderness*

A

performed at McBurney’s point. Press in and release quickly. more pain with release
indicates appendicitis/peritonitis

41
Q

Rebound tenderness*

A

performed anywhere BUT McBurney’s point. press and release quickly. more pain upon release
appendicitis/peritonitis

42
Q

Murphy’s sign*

A

press on gallbladder during patient inhalation
patient stops breathing due to pain
indicates cholecystitis

43
Q

Murphy’s test*

A

doctor gives a blow to each kidney and patient has pain

indicates kidney disease or stones

44
Q

neurogenic claudication

A

not predictable
relieved by: position related (seated with flexion)
common cause: DJD, spinal canal stenosis

45
Q

vascular claudication

A

predictably reproducible
always relieved by rest
common cause: arteriosclerosis, buerger’s

46
Q

claudication time

A

patient walks at a rate of 120 steps/minute for 1 minute

+ is pain in calves

47
Q

deep vein thrombosis

A

presents with tenderness, edema, and pain

tests: +Homan’s

48
Q

Homan’s

A

patient is supine with leg extended while examiner raises the leg off the table 45 degrees, dorsiflexes the foot, and squeezes the calf
+ pain in the calf

49
Q

pulmonary embolism

A

blockage of an artery in the lung by a substance that has traveled from elsewhere in the body through the bloodstream (embolism). usually this is due to a thrombus (blood clot) from the deep veins in the legs. symptoms of pulmonary embolism include difficulty breathing, chest pain on inspiration, and palpitations. the risk is increased in various situations, such as flying and prolonged bed rest.

*Part IV Boards (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions