Physical & Cognitive Development In The First 2 Years

Question 0

Assimilation

Answer 0

In Piagets theory, a method by which a person responds to new experiences by using existing concepts to interpret new ideas and experiences

Question 1

Accommodation

Answer 1

In Piagets theory, the process of modifying existing ideas or actions and skills to fit new experiences

Question 2

Cephalocaudal Principle

Answer 2

The tendency for organs, reflexes and skills to develop sooner at the top (the head) of the body and later in areas further down the body; an organised pattern of physical growth proceeding from head to tail

Question 3

Circular Reaction

Answer 3

Piagets term for an action often repeated, apparently because it is self reinforcing

Question 4

Classical Conditioning

Answer 4

A form of learning in which an organism associates a neutral stimulus with a stimulus that leads to a reflexive response. Once the connections between the two stimuli are made, the new stimulus will produce the behaviour by itself

Question 5

Habituation

Answer 5

The tendency to attend to novel stimuli and ignore familiar ones

Question 6

Infant-directed Speech

Answer 6

The style or register of speech used by adults and older children when talking with a 1-2 year old infant

Question 7

Motor Skills

Answer 7

Physical skills using the body or limbs, such as walking or drawing

Question 8

Neurons

Answer 8

Nerve cell bodies and their extensions or fibres

Question 9

Object Permanence

Answer 9

According to Piaget, the belief people and things combine to exist even when one cannot experience them directly or see them. This behind to develop further in stage 4 and has fully developed by around age 2

Question 10

Operant Conditioning

Answer 10

According to Skinner, a process of learning in which a person or an animal increases the frequency of a behaviour in response to repeated reinforcement of that behaviour

Question 11

Phonemes

Answer 11

Sounds that combine with other sounds to form words

Question 12

Proximodistal Principle

Answer 12

Organised pattern of growth that exhibits a near-to-far pattern of development, from the centre of the body outward

Question 13

Reflex

Answer 13

An involuntary, unlearnt, automatic or naturally occurring response to a stimulus. The very first movements or motions of an infant are reflexes

Question 14

Scheme

Answer 14

According to Piaget, a specific structure or organised pattern of behaviour or thought that represents a group of ideas and events in a persons experience

Question 15

Semantics

Answer 15

The purposes and meanings of a language

Question 16

Sensitive Period

Answer 16

A time during development when an individual is optimally ready to acquire a particular behaviour or skill but certain environmental experiences must occur for this to happen

Question 17

Sensorimotor Intelligence

Answer 17

According to Piaget, thinking that occurs by way of sensory perceptions and motor actions that is characteristic of infants