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PORG 121 > PHYSICAL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES > Flashcards

PHYSICAL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Flashcards

1
Q

A property that does not affect the chemical identity of a compound

A

Physical Property

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2
Q

It can be observed and measured without changing a compounds composition of matter

A

Physical property

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3
Q

It is any substance that has mass and can occupy space

A

Matter

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4
Q

Two types of physical property

A

Intensive or intrinsic
Extensive or extrinsic

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5
Q

It is independent which means it do not depend on the amount or size of material or sample

A

Intensive or intrinsic

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6
Q

Example of intensive or intrinsic property

A

Melting point
Boiling point
Density

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7
Q

It is dependent on the amount or size of the sample

A

Extensive or extrinsic property

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8
Q

Example of extensive or extrinsic property

A

Height
Weight
Length
Volume

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9
Q

It is affected by gravity with the formula of mass times the pool of gravity

A

Weight

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10
Q

It is the amount of matter in an object

A

Mass

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11
Q

It takes to account gravitational force

A

Weight

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12
Q

Unit of force

A

Newton

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13
Q

It is a type of force where boiling points are dependent on the mass of the molecule

A

Intermolecular forces

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14
Q

It is a type of force where solubility is dependent

A

Intermolecular force

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15
Q

The strength of the interaction between molecules is also dependent on the overall shape of the molecule

A

Intermolecular forces

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16
Q

It is between molecules which means physical properties depend on the attraction of the molecules

A

Intermolecular forces

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17
Q

Two liquids being mixed

A

Miscibility

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18
Q

What shape does attraction is higher

A

Elongated

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19
Q

What shape does attraction is lower

A

Spherical due to smaller surface area

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20
Q

It is within the molecule or interatomic

A

Intramolecular force

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21
Q

It is within the molecule or interatomic

A

Intramolecular force

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22
Q

It holds the atom together within the molecule

A

Intramolecular force

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23
Q

Three types of intermolecular forces by decreasing strengths

A

Hydrogen bonding
Diple dipole
London dispersion

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24
Q

Is a complex interaction that includes dipole dipole as well as orbital interactions and the transfer of electrons density between molecules

A

Hydrogen bonding

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25
Q

These are the strongest of the IMFs

A

Hydrogen bonding

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26
Q

Energy range of hydrogen bonding

A

5 to 25 kJ/mol

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27
Q

It bounced a more electronegative element a specifically to the lone pairs including oxygen fluorine chlorine

A

Hydrogen bonding

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28
Q

It forms a special dipole force

A

Hydrogen bonding

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29
Q

This force arise from the attraction of opposite the charge atoms other than hydrogen in molecules

A

Diple dipole

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30
Q

These molecules may have a permanent dipole moment

A

Dipole dipole

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31
Q

Generally in organic molecules the result from the presence of C-X bonds where x is more electronegative to that of C

A

Dipole dipole

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32
Q

These are generally weaker than hydrogen bonding but stronger than London dispersion

A

Dipole dipole

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33
Q

Dipole dipole energy range from

A

5 to 10 kJ/mol

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34
Q

It is a dipole dipole that do not displaced easily

A

Permanent dipole moment

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35
Q

Two polar molecules are involved under dipole-dipole force

A

Permanent dipole - permanent dipole

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36
Q

Permanent dipole - permanent dipole is also known as

A

Keesom

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37
Q

One polar and nonpolar molecule under dipole-dipole for

A

Permanent dipole- induced dipole

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38
Q

Permanent dipole - induce dipole is also known as

A

Debye

39
Q

2 nonpolar molecules under dipole-dipole force

A

Induced dipole - induced dipole

40
Q

Induced dipole - induced dipole it’s also known as

A

London dispersion Force
Instantaneous dipole - induced dipole

41
Q

Forces arises from the movement of electrons within a molecule

A

London dispersion

42
Q

These natural motion can produce an uneven distribution of the electrons or polarization of the distribution resulting in a temporary dipole moment in the molecule

A

London dispersion

43
Q

This will induce the movement of electrons in adjacent molecules producing a dipole moment in them

A

London this person

44
Q

This ____ dipole moments are very brief as they disappear when the electrons move to new locations within the molecule so the forces are very brief and weak

A

Induced

45
Q

London dispersion energy range from

A

2-5kJ/mol

46
Q

London dispersion is under what force

A

Vander Waals

47
Q

These are weak interactions between molecules

A

Vander Waals

48
Q

The strength of the IMF depend on the amount of____between the molecules especially for dispersion forces

A

Contact

49
Q

Molecules with polar functional groups have a____

A

Higher boiling points

50
Q

The ___ of the molecule can affect the surface area of contact

A

Shape

51
Q

____molecules have more surface in contact than_____

A

Long thin
Spherical molecules

52
Q

Polar molecules have____boiling point

A

Higher

53
Q

Nonpolar molecules have____boiling point

A

Lower

54
Q

Molecules with higher_____have higher_____

A

Molecular masses
Melting point boiling point and density

55
Q

Longer length of carbon chains takes time to

A

Dissociate

56
Q

Molecules with _______have lower boiling point and density than it’s straight chain isomer

A

Branch chains

57
Q

______isomers have greater surface area in contact with each other

A

Straight-chain

58
Q

_____have greater attractive force among the molecules

A

Straight chain isomers

59
Q

Larger molecules have

A

Higher boiling and melting points

60
Q

Solvents that is______;Smaller hydrocarbon component and/or more charge hydrogen bonding, and other polar groups will tend to increase the solubility

A

Polar

61
Q

The greater the carbon in solubility

A

Lower the solubility in water

62
Q

It is almost a certainly water soluble unless it has a large nonpolar group in which case it will most likely be soluble in the form of micelles like a soap or detergent

A

Charge group such as ammonium carboxylate and phosphate

63
Q

Any functional group that can donate a_______the water such as alcohols and amines will significantly contribute to water solubility

A

Hydrogen bond

64
Q

Any functional group that can only accept a hydrogen bond from water such as____,____,_____Will have a somewhat smaller but still significant effect on water solubility

A

Ketones, aldehydes, ethers

65
Q

Other functional groups that contribute to polarity such as_____,____,____we’ll meet a small contribution to water solubility

A

Alkyl halides, thiols, sulfides

66
Q

Our processes in which non-covalent interactions between identical molecules in a pure sample are disrupted

A

Boiling and melting point

67
Q

The stronger the________interactions, The more energy is required in the form of heat to break them apart

A

Noncovalent

68
Q

Boiling points of ______increase in compounds as their molecular weights increase because of the increase in van der Waals force

A

Compounds of homologous series

69
Q

It lowers the boiling point because it reduces the area of contact

A

Branching

70
Q

Chemical reaction occurs when one substance is converted into another substance

A

Chemical properties

71
Q

A chemical reaction is accompanied by breaking of some bonds and making of some others

A

Chemical properties

72
Q

It is defined as a detailed knowledge of the steps involved in a process in which the reactant molecules change into products

A

Reaction mechanism

73
Q

Chemical reactions involve_____of one or more of the existing chemical bonds in reactant molecules and______of new bands leading to products

A

Breaking
Formation

74
Q

The breaking of a covalent bond is known as

A

Bond fission

75
Q

During____/_____The two shared electrons can be distributed equally or unequally between the two bonded atoms

A

Bond breaking or bond fission

76
Q

The vision of a covalent bond with equal sharing of bonding electrons

A

Homolytic fission

77
Q

It is where free radicals are neutral but reactive species have an unfaired electron and this can also initiate a chemical reaction

A

Homolytic fission

78
Q

The fission of a covalent bond involving an equal sharing of bonding electrons

A

Heterolytic fission

79
Q

This type of bond fission results in the formation of ions

A

Heterolytic fission

80
Q

The ion which has a positive charge on the carbon atom is known as

A

Carbonium ion or carbocation

81
Q

An ion with a negative charge on the carbon atom is known as

A

Carbanion

82
Q

The charge species obtained by the heterolithic fission initiate chemical reactions and they are classified as

A

Electrophiles and nucleophiles

83
Q

It is an electron deficient species and it may be positively charged or neutral

A

Electrophiles

84
Q

Examples of these are H+, AlCl3, Br2, Cl2, Ag+, CH+3, BF3

A

Electrophiles

85
Q

It is a negatively charged or electron rich neutral species

A

Nucleophiles

86
Q

Examples of these are OH-, -NO2+, H2O, NH3

A

Nucleophiles

87
Q

Types of reactions in organic compounds

A

Substitution
Elimination
Addition
Molecular rearrangements

88
Q

Reaction involves the displacement of one atom or group in a molecule by another atom or group

A

Substitution reaction

89
Q

Under substitution reaction aliphatic compounds undergo

A

Nucleophilic substitution reactions

90
Q

It is a type of substitution reaction where an electrophilic reagent attacks the aromatic ring because the latter is electron rich

A

Aromatic hydrocarbons

91
Q

It is a reaction that is characterized by the removal of a small molecule from adjacent carbon atoms and the formation of a double bond

A

Elimination

92
Q

Proceeds with a fundamental change in the hydrocarbon skeleton of the molecule

A

Molecular rearrangements

93
Q

During these reaction an atom or group migrates from one position to another

A

Molecular rearrangements

94
Q

And saturated hydrocarbons such as alkenes and alkynes are extremely reactive towards a wide variety of reagents. The carbon-carbon double bond of an alkene contains two types of bonds. While in all kinds a three-carbon carbon bonds

A

Addition

PORG 121 (7 decks)

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