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ISOMERS Flashcards

1
Q

Compounds having the same molecular formula and same molecular weight but different structural formula thus differ in physical and chemical properties

A

Isomers

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2
Q

It is the proportion of atoms present in a molecule or compound

A

Molecular formula

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3
Q

It shows the different graphic representation of molecules or compound

A

Structural formula

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4
Q

Structural formula may include

A

Expanded
Condensed
Skeletal

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5
Q

It is a two-dimensional isomer

A

Structural isomerism

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6
Q

It is a three-dimensional isomer

A

Stereo isomerism

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7
Q

What are the subtypes of isomerism

A

Structural isomerism
Stereo isomerism

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8
Q

Specific subtypes under structural isomerism

A

Chain Isomerism
Functional isomerism
Positional isomerism
Metamerism
Tautomerism
Ring chain isomerism

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9
Q

Specific subtypes under stereo isomerism

A

Geometric and optical isomerism

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10
Q

Structural isomerism is also called as

A

Constitutional isomerism

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11
Q

Compounds which have the same molecular formula but different in their structure

A

Structural isomerism

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12
Q

These are hydrocarbons which has no constitutional isomers

A

Simplest hydrocarbons such as methane CH4, ethane c h 3ch3, propane ch3ch2ch3

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13
Q

What is the meaning of letter N

A

Normal / straight chain

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14
Q

What is the meaning of ISO

A

Branched structure

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15
Q

These isomers differ in the chain of the carbon atoms

A

Chain isomers

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16
Q

What is the IUPAC name of isobutane

A

2 - methylpropane

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17
Q

What is the IUPAC name of neopentane

A

2,2-dimethylpropane

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18
Q

This prefix is added when a compound has three metal group to its second to the last carbon

A

Neo

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19
Q

These isomers differ in the type of functional group

A

Functional isomers

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20
Q

What are examples of functional isomers

A

Alcohol - ether
Carboxylic acid -ester
Aldehyde - ketone
Propanoic acid - carboxylic acid
Methyl ethanoate/methyl acetate - Ester

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21
Q

These isomers differ in the attachment of the functional group to the chain at different positions

A

Positional isomers

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22
Q

Examples of positional isomers

A

1 - propanol and 2-propanol
1-chlorobutane and 2-chlorobutane

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23
Q

This type of isomerism arises due to the presence of different alkyl chains on each side of the functional group

A

Metamers

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24
Q

It is a rare type of isomerism and is generally limited to the molecules that contain a divalent atom surrounded by alkyl groups

A

Metamers

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25
These are divalent atoms
Sulfur or oxygen
26
It is a type of isomerism where the breakage of the continuity of the chain is involved
Metamers
27
Examples of metamers include
Ethers, thioethers, ketone
28
It is an isomer of the compound which only the first in the position of protons and electrons
Tautomers
29
Tautomers occurs via an____proton transfer
Intramolecular
30
An important example of tautomer is
Keto-enol tautomerism
31
Tautomers involve what type of reaction
Reversible reaction
32
These are carbonyl carbons
Keto
33
These are double bonds plus hydroxyl groups
Enol
34
These isomers can only achieve equilibrium if they exist together and easily interchange
Tautomers
35
Is catalyst present in tautomers
Yes
36
It occurs in the carbonyl carbon
Protonation
37
What happens to the hydrogen proton or cat ion under tautomers
Delocalization
38
Examples of tautomers
Enamine-imine Lactan-lactim
39
One of the isomers has an open chain structure whereas the other has a ring structure
Ring chain isomers
40
A great example of ring chain isomer is observed in
C3H6
41
These are isomers that have the same composition but that differ in the orientation of the parts in space
Stereo isomers
42
Geometrical isomers is also called as
Cis-trans isomerism
43
These isomers have different spatial arrangements of atoms in three-dimensional space
Geometrical isomers
44
It focuses on the spatial arrangement of an atom rather than the order of atom connectivity
Stereo isomers
45
Identical groups in the same side
Cis-isomers
46
Identical groups in the opposite side
Trans - isomer
47
Under alkene this bond does not permit rotation
Pi bond
48
Criteria to identify geometrical isomers
It should have double bonds Double buns are attached to two different groups
49
Cis-trans have Latin meanings:
Cis- this side of Trans- the other side of
50
Cis-trans has a German meaning:
Cis- Zusammen Trans- Entgegen
51
These have high melting points and can be obtained from fast food meals which can lead to vaso construction
Trans fat
52
This depends on the rank of substituents
Cis-trans nomenclature
53
It is the substituent rule
E-Z notational system
54
E-Z notational system is also called as
CAHN INGOLD PRELOG (CIP SEQUENCE RULE)
55
Higher rank substituents on opposite sides
E
56
Higher rank substituents on same side
Z
57
Compounds having at least one carbon atom joint to 4 different atoms or groups
Optical isomers
58
These carbon atoms have four different groups
Chiral
59
These carbon atoms do not have four different groups
Achiral
60
Chiral is also called as
Chiral Carbon Stereocenter Stereogenic center
61
It is an absolute configuration on how atoms attach around a chiral center
S-R enantiomers
62
R-s meaning and their rotation
R-Rectus - clockwise S-Sinister - counterclockwise
63
These are found in the second to the last carbons
Penultimate carbon
64
It is the ability of an object to replace to another object without visibility restriction
Superimposable or superposable
65
Mirror image or non superimposable
Enantiomer
66
Non mirror non superimposable
Diasteroemers
67
Examples of diastereomers
D - glucose and d-galactose
68
Answer the following Dextro- (which side) - (rotation) Levo- (which side) - (rotation)
Right - clockwise Left - counterclockwise
69
Optical isomers have identical physical properties except
Optical activity
70
It is defined as the light that vibrates in one plane only
The plane polarized light
71
True or false The plane of polarized light is rotated in opposite directions
True
72
It is the rotation of the plane of polarized light
Optical activity
73
Compounds that rotate the plane of plane polarized light to the right or clockwise are said to be
Dextrorotatory
74
Dextrorotatory is noted by letter_and_before the name of compound
d +
75
Compounds that rotate the plane to the left or counterclockwise are cold
Levorotatory
76
Levorotatory is denoted by letter_and_before the name of the compound
l -
77
A mixture containing equal amounts of d- and l - isomers is called
Racemic mixture
78
Racemic mixture is denoted by
dl/+-
79
Approximately how many percent of market and drugs are chiral
50%
80
Tattoo enanjomers of a hyal drug may differ significantly in terms of
Pharmacokinetic differences or pharmacodynamic differences
81
It is what the body does to the drug
Pharmacokinetics
82
It is what the drug does to the body
Pharmacodynamics
83
ADME
Absorption Distribution Metabolism Excretion
84
These provides pharmacological actions to the drug
Drug receptor complex
85
Receptors can be
Enzyme Nucleic acid Specialized membrane-bound protein
86
This is an anticoagulant which increases clotting time and serve as blood thinner
Warfarin
87
It is a type of warfarin with higher half life
R-Warfarin
88
It is a type of warfarin with lower half-life
S-warfarin
89
Warfarin that has a longer time to eliminate, less distributed and less potent
R- warfarin
90
Warfarin that is more distributed and more potent
S-warfarin
91
It is the time it takes for the amount of drug to reduce by half
Half life or +1/2
92
Quantity of drug that is necessary to take effect
Potency
93
It isn't ibuprofen that is pharmacologically active
S- Ibuprofen
94
This type of ibuprofen have no anti-inflammatory effect
R - ibuprofen
95
Ibuprofen is what type of drug
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
96
It produces teratogenic birth defects
S-thalidomide
97
It can be used as a sedative for morning sickness
R-thalidomide
98
S-Thalidomide is a Teratogenic which shorten the limbs which pertains to a defect called
Phocomelia
99
Advil ibuprofen is an over the counter drug dispense at what milligrams
200 mg or 100
100
Prescription ibuprofens have a milligrams of
400, 600, 800 mg

PORG 121 (7 decks)

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