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PORG 121 > ISOMERS > Flashcards

ISOMERS Flashcards

1
Q

Compounds having the same molecular formula and same molecular weight but different structural formula thus differ in physical and chemical properties

A

Isomers

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2
Q

It is the proportion of atoms present in a molecule or compound

A

Molecular formula

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3
Q

It shows the different graphic representation of molecules or compound

A

Structural formula

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4
Q

Structural formula may include

A

Expanded
Condensed
Skeletal

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5
Q

It is a two-dimensional isomer

A

Structural isomerism

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6
Q

It is a three-dimensional isomer

A

Stereo isomerism

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7
Q

What are the subtypes of isomerism

A

Structural isomerism
Stereo isomerism

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8
Q

Specific subtypes under structural isomerism

A

Chain Isomerism
Functional isomerism
Positional isomerism
Metamerism
Tautomerism
Ring chain isomerism

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9
Q

Specific subtypes under stereo isomerism

A

Geometric and optical isomerism

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10
Q

Structural isomerism is also called as

A

Constitutional isomerism

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11
Q

Compounds which have the same molecular formula but different in their structure

A

Structural isomerism

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12
Q

These are hydrocarbons which has no constitutional isomers

A

Simplest hydrocarbons such as methane CH4, ethane c h 3ch3, propane ch3ch2ch3

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13
Q

What is the meaning of letter N

A

Normal / straight chain

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14
Q

What is the meaning of ISO

A

Branched structure

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15
Q

These isomers differ in the chain of the carbon atoms

A

Chain isomers

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16
Q

What is the IUPAC name of isobutane

A

2 - methylpropane

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17
Q

What is the IUPAC name of neopentane

A

2,2-dimethylpropane

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18
Q

This prefix is added when a compound has three metal group to its second to the last carbon

A

Neo

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19
Q

These isomers differ in the type of functional group

A

Functional isomers

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20
Q

What are examples of functional isomers

A

Alcohol - ether
Carboxylic acid -ester
Aldehyde - ketone
Propanoic acid - carboxylic acid
Methyl ethanoate/methyl acetate - Ester

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21
Q

These isomers differ in the attachment of the functional group to the chain at different positions

A

Positional isomers

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22
Q

Examples of positional isomers

A

1 - propanol and 2-propanol
1-chlorobutane and 2-chlorobutane

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23
Q

This type of isomerism arises due to the presence of different alkyl chains on each side of the functional group

A

Metamers

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24
Q

It is a rare type of isomerism and is generally limited to the molecules that contain a divalent atom surrounded by alkyl groups

A

Metamers

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25
Q

These are divalent atoms

A

Sulfur or oxygen

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26
Q

It is a type of isomerism where the breakage of the continuity of the chain is involved

A

Metamers

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27
Q

Examples of metamers include

A

Ethers, thioethers, ketone

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28
Q

It is an isomer of the compound which only the first in the position of protons and electrons

A

Tautomers

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29
Q

Tautomers occurs via an____proton transfer

A

Intramolecular

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30
Q

An important example of tautomer is

A

Keto-enol tautomerism

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31
Q

Tautomers involve what type of reaction

A

Reversible reaction

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32
Q

These are carbonyl carbons

A

Keto

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33
Q

These are double bonds plus hydroxyl groups

A

Enol

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34
Q

These isomers can only achieve equilibrium if they exist together and easily interchange

A

Tautomers

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35
Q

Is catalyst present in tautomers

A

Yes

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36
Q

It occurs in the carbonyl carbon

A

Protonation

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37
Q

What happens to the hydrogen proton or cat ion under tautomers

A

Delocalization

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38
Q

Examples of tautomers

A

Enamine-imine
Lactan-lactim

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39
Q

One of the isomers has an open chain structure whereas the other has a ring structure

A

Ring chain isomers

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40
Q

A great example of ring chain isomer is observed in

A

C3H6

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41
Q

These are isomers that have the same composition but that differ in the orientation of the parts in space

A

Stereo isomers

42
Q

Geometrical isomers is also called as

A

Cis-trans isomerism

43
Q

These isomers have different spatial arrangements of atoms in three-dimensional space

A

Geometrical isomers

44
Q

It focuses on the spatial arrangement of an atom rather than the order of atom connectivity

A

Stereo isomers

45
Q

Identical groups in the same side

A

Cis-isomers

46
Q

Identical groups in the opposite side

A

Trans - isomer

47
Q

Under alkene this bond does not permit rotation

A

Pi bond

48
Q

Criteria to identify geometrical isomers

A

It should have double bonds
Double buns are attached to two different groups

49
Q

Cis-trans have Latin meanings:

A

Cis- this side of
Trans- the other side of

50
Q

Cis-trans has a German meaning:

A

Cis- Zusammen
Trans- Entgegen

51
Q

These have high melting points and can be obtained from fast food meals which can lead to vaso construction

A

Trans fat

52
Q

This depends on the rank of substituents

A

Cis-trans nomenclature

53
Q

It is the substituent rule

A

E-Z notational system

54
Q

E-Z notational system is also called as

A

CAHN INGOLD PRELOG (CIP SEQUENCE RULE)

55
Q

Higher rank substituents on opposite sides

A

E

56
Q

Higher rank substituents on same side

A

Z

57
Q

Compounds having at least one carbon atom joint to 4 different atoms or groups

A

Optical isomers

58
Q

These carbon atoms have four different groups

A

Chiral

59
Q

These carbon atoms do not have four different groups

A

Achiral

60
Q

Chiral is also called as

A

Chiral Carbon
Stereocenter
Stereogenic center

61
Q

It is an absolute configuration on how atoms attach around a chiral center

A

S-R enantiomers

62
Q

R-s meaning and their rotation

A

R-Rectus - clockwise
S-Sinister - counterclockwise

63
Q

These are found in the second to the last carbons

A

Penultimate carbon

64
Q

It is the ability of an object to replace to another object without visibility restriction

A

Superimposable or superposable

65
Q

Mirror image or non superimposable

A

Enantiomer

66
Q

Non mirror non superimposable

A

Diasteroemers

67
Q

Examples of diastereomers

A

D - glucose and d-galactose

68
Q

Answer the following

Dextro- (which side) - (rotation)
Levo- (which side) - (rotation)

A

Right - clockwise
Left - counterclockwise

69
Q

Optical isomers have identical physical properties except

A

Optical activity

70
Q

It is defined as the light that vibrates in one plane only

A

The plane polarized light

71
Q

True or false

The plane of polarized light is rotated in opposite directions

A

True

72
Q

It is the rotation of the plane of polarized light

A

Optical activity

73
Q

Compounds that rotate the plane of plane polarized light to the right or clockwise are said to be

A

Dextrorotatory

74
Q

Dextrorotatory is noted by letter_and_before the name of compound

A

d
+

75
Q

Compounds that rotate the plane to the left or counterclockwise are cold

A

Levorotatory

76
Q

Levorotatory is denoted by letter_and_before the name of the compound

A
77
Q

A mixture containing equal amounts of d- and l - isomers is called

A

Racemic mixture

78
Q

Racemic mixture is denoted by

A

dl/+-

79
Q

Approximately how many percent of market and drugs are chiral

A

50%

80
Q

Tattoo enanjomers of a hyal drug may differ significantly in terms of

A

Pharmacokinetic differences or pharmacodynamic differences

81
Q

It is what the body does to the drug

A

Pharmacokinetics

82
Q

It is what the drug does to the body

A

Pharmacodynamics

83
Q

ADME

A

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion

84
Q

These provides pharmacological actions to the drug

A

Drug receptor complex

85
Q

Receptors can be

A

Enzyme
Nucleic acid
Specialized membrane-bound protein

86
Q

This is an anticoagulant which increases clotting time and serve as blood thinner

A

Warfarin

87
Q

It is a type of warfarin with higher half life

A

R-Warfarin

88
Q

It is a type of warfarin with lower half-life

A

S-warfarin

89
Q

Warfarin that has a longer time to eliminate, less distributed and less potent

A

R- warfarin

90
Q

Warfarin that is more distributed and more potent

A

S-warfarin

91
Q

It is the time it takes for the amount of drug to reduce by half

A

Half life or +1/2

92
Q

Quantity of drug that is necessary to take effect

A

Potency

93
Q

It isn’t ibuprofen that is pharmacologically active

A

S- Ibuprofen

94
Q

This type of ibuprofen have no anti-inflammatory effect

A

R - ibuprofen

95
Q

Ibuprofen is what type of drug

A

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

96
Q

It produces teratogenic birth defects

A

S-thalidomide

97
Q

It can be used as a sedative for morning sickness

A

R-thalidomide

98
Q

S-Thalidomide is a Teratogenic which shorten the limbs which pertains to a defect called

A

Phocomelia

99
Q

Advil ibuprofen is an over the counter drug dispense at what milligrams

A

200 mg or 100

100
Q

Prescription ibuprofens have a milligrams of

A

400, 600, 800 mg

PORG 121 (7 decks)

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