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PORG 121 > ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS > Flashcards

ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS Flashcards

1
Q

What are the sources of aliphatic hydrocarbons

A

Petroleum
Natural gas
Propane
Butane

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2
Q

The two most important natural sources of alkanes

A

Petroleum and natural gas

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3
Q

Is a complex leak with mixture of organic compounds such as alkanes or cycloalcanes

A

Petroleum

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4
Q

Often found associated with petroleum deposits consist mainly of 80% methane and 5 to 10% ethane

A

Natural gas

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5
Q

It is the major constituent of liquefied petroleum gas which is a domestic fuel

A

Propane

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6
Q

It is the gas of choice in some areas due to lower boiling point

A

Butene

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7
Q

What is the solubility of alkanes

A

Insoluble in water

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8
Q

What are the physical properties of alkanes at room temperature with corresponding carbon

A

C1 to c4 - gas
C5 to c17 - liquid
Greater than c18 - solid wax

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9
Q

The mutual insolubility of alkanes and water is used to advantage by many

A

Plants

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10
Q

What constitutes the cuticle of an apple

A

C27 h56 and C29H60

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11
Q

The leaf walks of cabbage in broccoli is mainly

A

N- C29h60

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12
Q

The main alkane of tobacco leaves is

A

C31h64

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13
Q

All the bonds in alkanes are single covalent and nonpolar hence alkanes are

A

Relatively inert

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14
Q

Because of the inertness alkanes can be used as

A

Solvents for extraction or crystallization

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15
Q

Alkanes do react with some reagents

A

Molecular oxygen and halogens

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16
Q

If insufficient oxygen is available for complete combustion of a hydrocarbon, what may occur

A

Partial oxidation

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17
Q

In sunlight or at high temperatures, What happens the mixture of an alkane and chlorine during halogenation

A

Exothermic reaction

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18
Q

It is a substitution reaction in which a chlorine atom is substituted for a hydrogen atom

A

Chlorination

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19
Q

It is the simplest alkene

A

Ethene and ethylene

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20
Q

Sources of alkenes

A

Limonene
Beta phellandrene
Multifidene
Muscalure
Alpha farnescene

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21
Q

They are less dense than water and being nonpolar are not very soluble in water

A

Alkene

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22
Q

In terms of alkenes compounds with four or fewer carbons are

A

Colorless gases

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23
Q

In line with alkenes compounds with higher homologs are

A

Volatile liquids

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24
Q

It is the most common reaction in alkanes

A

Substitution

25
Q

What is the most common reaction in alkenes

A

Addition

26
Q

What type of reaction in alkenes where an acid catalyst is present and water is added to the alkenes

A

Hydration

27
Q

The product of hydration is

A

Alcohol

28
Q

Alcohol’s react with alkenes in the same way that water does like the addition of water the addition of alcohol requires

A

Acid catalyst

29
Q

The product of addition of alcohols in alkenes is

A

Ether

30
Q

It is the addition of hydrogen to alkenes in the presence of a catalyst

A

Catalytic hydrogenation

31
Q

It is used to convert vegetable oils to margarine and other cooking fats

A

Catalytic hydrogenation

32
Q

It is a rule where if an hydrochloric acid is added to an unsymmetrical alkene like propene there are two possible ways it could be added

A

Markovnikov’s rule

33
Q

What is the rule of Markovnikov’s

A

The hydrogen becomes attached to the carbon with the most hydrogens attached to it already

34
Q

They’re only few naturally occurring alkynes

A

Capillin
An enediyne
Ichthyothereol
Parsalmide
Mestranol
Pargyline

35
Q

Is the boiling point of alkyne higher or lower than alkene

A

Higher

36
Q

Alkynes like alkenes undergo what type of reaction

A

Electrophilic addition reaction

37
Q

If the alkyne is a terminal alky in the hydrogen will add to what SP carbon

A

SP carbon

38
Q

The product of the second edition reaction under alkynes is

A

Germinal dihalide

39
Q

Alkynes also undergo the acid catalyze addition of water that results to

A

Enol

40
Q

It has a carbon-carbon double bond in an alcohol group bonded to one of the sp2 carbons

A

Enol

41
Q

The enol immediately rearranges to a

A

Ketone

42
Q

The addition of hydrogen to alkynes in the presence of a metal catalyst includes

A

Palladium, platinum, nickel

43
Q

The product of hydrogenation reaction under alkynes is

A

Alkane

44
Q

It is used to treat seizure disorders, mental/mood conditions such as manic phase of bipolar disorder

A

Valproic acid

45
Q

It is a sedative hypnotic

A

Amobarbital

46
Q

It is also known as angel dust and dissociative hallucinogenic drug use for its mind-altering effects

A

Phencyclidine

47
Q

It is used to control absence seizures or petit mal

A

Ethosuximide

48
Q

It is an anesthetic, anti-convulsant, anxiety, sedative, and hypnotic

A

Secobarbital

49
Q

It is a synthetic nosteroidal form of estrogen

It is also a well-known teratogen and carcinogen

A

Diethylstilbestrol

50
Q

Manufactured of poly vinyl chloride

A

Vinyl chloride

51
Q

Manufacture of dyes and optical brighteners and also as a posphor or luminescence and a scintilator

A

Stilbene

52
Q

Acts as a suicide inactivator of cytochrome p450 by covalently binding to its heme moeity or surrounding protein

A

Allyisopropylacetamide

53
Q

It is a volatile, inhalational anesthetic, and was the first halogenated hydrocarbon anesthetic to be introduced

A

Fluroxene

54
Q

It is an oral drug developed by a r i a d pharmaceuticals for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia

A

Ponatinib

55
Q

It is in class of medications called NNRTI

A

Efavirenz

56
Q

These are reactions included in alkanes

A

Oxidation and halogenation

57
Q

These are the reactions included in alkenes

A

Addition of halogen
Hydration
Addition of alcohols
Hydrogenation

58
Q

These are the reactions included in alkynes

A

Addition of hydrogen and addition of halogens
Addition of water
Addition of hydrogen

PORG 121 (7 decks)

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