ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS Flashcards
What are the sources of aliphatic hydrocarbons
Petroleum
Natural gas
Propane
Butane
The two most important natural sources of alkanes
Petroleum and natural gas
Is a complex leak with mixture of organic compounds such as alkanes or cycloalcanes
Petroleum
Often found associated with petroleum deposits consist mainly of 80% methane and 5 to 10% ethane
Natural gas
It is the major constituent of liquefied petroleum gas which is a domestic fuel
Propane
It is the gas of choice in some areas due to lower boiling point
Butene
What is the solubility of alkanes
Insoluble in water
What are the physical properties of alkanes at room temperature with corresponding carbon
C1 to c4 - gas
C5 to c17 - liquid
Greater than c18 - solid wax
The mutual insolubility of alkanes and water is used to advantage by many
Plants
What constitutes the cuticle of an apple
C27 h56 and C29H60
The leaf walks of cabbage in broccoli is mainly
N- C29h60
The main alkane of tobacco leaves is
C31h64
All the bonds in alkanes are single covalent and nonpolar hence alkanes are
Relatively inert
Because of the inertness alkanes can be used as
Solvents for extraction or crystallization
Alkanes do react with some reagents
Molecular oxygen and halogens
If insufficient oxygen is available for complete combustion of a hydrocarbon, what may occur
Partial oxidation
In sunlight or at high temperatures, What happens the mixture of an alkane and chlorine during halogenation
Exothermic reaction
It is a substitution reaction in which a chlorine atom is substituted for a hydrogen atom
Chlorination
It is the simplest alkene
Ethene and ethylene
Sources of alkenes
Limonene
Beta phellandrene
Multifidene
Muscalure
Alpha farnescene
They are less dense than water and being nonpolar are not very soluble in water
Alkene
In terms of alkenes compounds with four or fewer carbons are
Colorless gases
In line with alkenes compounds with higher homologs are
Volatile liquids
It is the most common reaction in alkanes
Substitution
What is the most common reaction in alkenes
Addition
What type of reaction in alkenes where an acid catalyst is present and water is added to the alkenes
Hydration
The product of hydration is
Alcohol
Alcohol’s react with alkenes in the same way that water does like the addition of water the addition of alcohol requires
Acid catalyst
The product of addition of alcohols in alkenes is
Ether
It is the addition of hydrogen to alkenes in the presence of a catalyst
Catalytic hydrogenation
It is used to convert vegetable oils to margarine and other cooking fats
Catalytic hydrogenation
It is a rule where if an hydrochloric acid is added to an unsymmetrical alkene like propene there are two possible ways it could be added
Markovnikov’s rule
What is the rule of Markovnikov’s
The hydrogen becomes attached to the carbon with the most hydrogens attached to it already
They’re only few naturally occurring alkynes
Capillin
An enediyne
Ichthyothereol
Parsalmide
Mestranol
Pargyline
Is the boiling point of alkyne higher or lower than alkene
Higher
Alkynes like alkenes undergo what type of reaction
Electrophilic addition reaction
If the alkyne is a terminal alky in the hydrogen will add to what SP carbon
SP carbon
The product of the second edition reaction under alkynes is
Germinal dihalide
Alkynes also undergo the acid catalyze addition of water that results to
Enol
It has a carbon-carbon double bond in an alcohol group bonded to one of the sp2 carbons
Enol
The enol immediately rearranges to a
Ketone
The addition of hydrogen to alkynes in the presence of a metal catalyst includes
Palladium, platinum, nickel
The product of hydrogenation reaction under alkynes is
Alkane
It is used to treat seizure disorders, mental/mood conditions such as manic phase of bipolar disorder
Valproic acid
It is a sedative hypnotic
Amobarbital
It is also known as angel dust and dissociative hallucinogenic drug use for its mind-altering effects
Phencyclidine
It is used to control absence seizures or petit mal
Ethosuximide
It is an anesthetic, anti-convulsant, anxiety, sedative, and hypnotic
Secobarbital
It is a synthetic nosteroidal form of estrogen
It is also a well-known teratogen and carcinogen
Diethylstilbestrol
Manufactured of poly vinyl chloride
Vinyl chloride
Manufacture of dyes and optical brighteners and also as a posphor or luminescence and a scintilator
Stilbene
Acts as a suicide inactivator of cytochrome p450 by covalently binding to its heme moeity or surrounding protein
Allyisopropylacetamide
It is a volatile, inhalational anesthetic, and was the first halogenated hydrocarbon anesthetic to be introduced
Fluroxene
It is an oral drug developed by a r i a d pharmaceuticals for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia
Ponatinib
It is in class of medications called NNRTI
Efavirenz
These are reactions included in alkanes
Oxidation and halogenation
These are the reactions included in alkenes
Addition of halogen
Hydration
Addition of alcohols
Hydrogenation
These are the reactions included in alkynes
Addition of hydrogen and addition of halogens
Addition of water
Addition of hydrogen
