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PORG 121 > ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS > Flashcards

ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS Flashcards

1
Q

What are the sources of aliphatic hydrocarbons

A

Petroleum
Natural gas
Propane
Butane

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2
Q

The two most important natural sources of alkanes

A

Petroleum and natural gas

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3
Q

Is a complex leak with mixture of organic compounds such as alkanes or cycloalcanes

A

Petroleum

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4
Q

Often found associated with petroleum deposits consist mainly of 80% methane and 5 to 10% ethane

A

Natural gas

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5
Q

It is the major constituent of liquefied petroleum gas which is a domestic fuel

A

Propane

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6
Q

It is the gas of choice in some areas due to lower boiling point

A

Butene

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7
Q

What is the solubility of alkanes

A

Insoluble in water

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8
Q

What are the physical properties of alkanes at room temperature with corresponding carbon

A

C1 to c4 - gas
C5 to c17 - liquid
Greater than c18 - solid wax

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9
Q

The mutual insolubility of alkanes and water is used to advantage by many

A

Plants

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10
Q

What constitutes the cuticle of an apple

A

C27 h56 and C29H60

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11
Q

The leaf walks of cabbage in broccoli is mainly

A

N- C29h60

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12
Q

The main alkane of tobacco leaves is

A

C31h64

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13
Q

All the bonds in alkanes are single covalent and nonpolar hence alkanes are

A

Relatively inert

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14
Q

Because of the inertness alkanes can be used as

A

Solvents for extraction or crystallization

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15
Q

Alkanes do react with some reagents

A

Molecular oxygen and halogens

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16
Q

If insufficient oxygen is available for complete combustion of a hydrocarbon, what may occur

A

Partial oxidation

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17
Q

In sunlight or at high temperatures, What happens the mixture of an alkane and chlorine during halogenation

A

Exothermic reaction

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18
Q

It is a substitution reaction in which a chlorine atom is substituted for a hydrogen atom

A

Chlorination

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19
Q

It is the simplest alkene

A

Ethene and ethylene

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20
Q

Sources of alkenes

A

Limonene
Beta phellandrene
Multifidene
Muscalure
Alpha farnescene

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21
Q

They are less dense than water and being nonpolar are not very soluble in water

A

Alkene

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22
Q

In terms of alkenes compounds with four or fewer carbons are

A

Colorless gases

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23
Q

In line with alkenes compounds with higher homologs are

A

Volatile liquids

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24
Q

It is the most common reaction in alkanes

A

Substitution

25
What is the most common reaction in alkenes
Addition
26
What type of reaction in alkenes where an acid catalyst is present and water is added to the alkenes
Hydration
27
The product of hydration is
Alcohol
28
Alcohol's react with alkenes in the same way that water does like the addition of water the addition of alcohol requires
Acid catalyst
29
The product of addition of alcohols in alkenes is
Ether
30
It is the addition of hydrogen to alkenes in the presence of a catalyst
Catalytic hydrogenation
31
It is used to convert vegetable oils to margarine and other cooking fats
Catalytic hydrogenation
32
It is a rule where if an hydrochloric acid is added to an unsymmetrical alkene like propene there are two possible ways it could be added
Markovnikov's rule
33
What is the rule of Markovnikov's
The hydrogen becomes attached to the carbon with the most hydrogens attached to it already
34
They're only few naturally occurring alkynes
Capillin An enediyne Ichthyothereol Parsalmide Mestranol Pargyline
35
Is the boiling point of alkyne higher or lower than alkene
Higher
36
Alkynes like alkenes undergo what type of reaction
Electrophilic addition reaction
37
If the alkyne is a terminal alky in the hydrogen will add to what SP carbon
SP carbon
38
The product of the second edition reaction under alkynes is
Germinal dihalide
39
Alkynes also undergo the acid catalyze addition of water that results to
Enol
40
It has a carbon-carbon double bond in an alcohol group bonded to one of the sp2 carbons
Enol
41
The enol immediately rearranges to a
Ketone
42
The addition of hydrogen to alkynes in the presence of a metal catalyst includes
Palladium, platinum, nickel
43
The product of hydrogenation reaction under alkynes is
Alkane
44
It is used to treat seizure disorders, mental/mood conditions such as manic phase of bipolar disorder
Valproic acid
45
It is a sedative hypnotic
Amobarbital
46
It is also known as angel dust and dissociative hallucinogenic drug use for its mind-altering effects
Phencyclidine
47
It is used to control absence seizures or petit mal
Ethosuximide
48
It is an anesthetic, anti-convulsant, anxiety, sedative, and hypnotic
Secobarbital
49
It is a synthetic nosteroidal form of estrogen It is also a well-known teratogen and carcinogen
Diethylstilbestrol
50
Manufactured of poly vinyl chloride
Vinyl chloride
51
Manufacture of dyes and optical brighteners and also as a posphor or luminescence and a scintilator
Stilbene
52
Acts as a suicide inactivator of cytochrome p450 by covalently binding to its heme moeity or surrounding protein
Allyisopropylacetamide
53
It is a volatile, inhalational anesthetic, and was the first halogenated hydrocarbon anesthetic to be introduced
Fluroxene
54
It is an oral drug developed by a r i a d pharmaceuticals for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia
Ponatinib
55
It is in class of medications called NNRTI
Efavirenz
56
These are reactions included in alkanes
Oxidation and halogenation
57
These are the reactions included in alkenes
Addition of halogen Hydration Addition of alcohols Hydrogenation
58
These are the reactions included in alkynes
Addition of hydrogen and addition of halogens Addition of water Addition of hydrogen

PORG 121 (7 decks)

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