Physical Chem Flashcards
write the equation for internal energy
U=w+q
Kinetic energy equation
Ekin=0.5mv2
difference between a closed and isolated system
closed system allows energy to pass through
write the equation for enthalpy using internal energy
H=U+pv
write the equation for the change in enthalpy at a constant pressure and what is the measurable change in the equation
^H=^U+p^q=^w+^q+p^q
if the only work is change in volume, what does w=
w=-p^v
assuming that the only work done is change in volume (constant pressure), rewrite this into a measurable change
^H=^U+p^v=^q+^w+p^v
^H=^U+p^v=^q-p^v+p^v
^H=^q-p^v+p^v=^q
^H=^q
state the law of entropy in an isolated system
can only increase
what is entropy proportional to
heat transferred from the system to its surroundings
write the equation for entropy at equilibrium and what can be substituted
^S=^q/T
^S=^H/T
in ^S=^H/T
what happens to S and H in exo/endothermic reactions
exothermic - they both decrease (<0)
endothermic - they both increase (>0)
write the equation for total entropy and what value does it have to have for a spontaneous reaction
^S total=^S surroundings +^S system
total entropy must be positive
definition of Gibb’s Free Energy
the energy from a reaction that is free to do work
write the equation for Gibb’s Free Energy
^G=^H+T^S
name the macrostates
pressure
volume
temperature
name the microstates
kinetic energy
velocity
energy
definition of entropy in terms of microstates
the number of microstates in a system at a total given energy
write Boltzmann’s constant
and the equation linking it to entropy
Kb=1.3806x10-23m2kgs-2k-1
S=Kbln(@)
(@ = omega = energy)
what does Nl=
and how does this relate to entropy
Nl=number of macrostates
@(Nl)=number of microstates=entrpoy
what does chemical potential show and what is it convenient for
shows how much Gibb’s free energy will change as the number of molecules changes
convenient for open systems
what is the definition of chemical potential
free energy per mol of compound under set of conditions
what is chemical potential in/dependent on
independent of system size - intensive state function
only dependent on environment, very useful for measuring average energy
what is the equation for chemical potential of a one component system
chemical potential = G/n or G =(chemical potenial)(n)
equation for chemical potential of a multi-component system
go fuck yourself if you think im finna try n type that bullshit my nigga
check the tablet
write the equation for the change in G for removal of reactants, and what is the value of ^n
no
^n is negative because the mole of reactants is decreasing
write the equation for change in G for the addition of products and what is the value of ^n
no coon
^n is positive because the mol of products is increasing
write an equation that sums the change in G of removing reactants and the addition to get the overall change in G
cok
use the cok equation and apply it to:
ATP + 2H2O AMP + 2Pi
would rather my teeth fall out than try n type that
