Physical (Brain) and Emotional Flashcards

1
Q

neural/cell level or person and interpersonal level:

connection/electrochemical

A

neural/ cell level

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2
Q

neural/cell level or person and interpersonal level:

growth (myelination); pruning (use it or lose it)

A

neural/ cell level

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3
Q

neural/ cell level or person and interpersonal level:

personal decisions and actions

A

person and interpersonal level

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4
Q

neural/ cell level or person and interpersonal level:

interaction with people, events, environment

A

personal and interpersonal level

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5
Q

neural/ cell level or person and interpersonal level:

developmental phases over lifetime with sensitive/ critical periods

A

neural/ cell level

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6
Q

neural/ cell level or person and interpersonal level:

individual response to environmental stimuli

A

person and interpersonal level

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7
Q

neural/ cell level or person and interpersonal level:

relationships

A

person and interpersonal stimuli

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8
Q

neural/ cell level or person and interpersonal level:

plasticity of the association areas – reflection (not just reaction to stimuli)

A

neural/ cell level

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9
Q

neural/ cell level or person and interpersonal level:

plasticity of the association areas – reflection (not just reaction to stimuli)

A

neural/ cell level

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10
Q

what period refers to the transition between childhood and adulthood, which involves biological, cognitive, and other developmental changes?

A

adolescent period

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11
Q

if adolescent period ends when the individual becomes a stable and functioning member of a society, when does it start?

A

onset of puberty/ puberty

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12
Q

true or false: adolescence is a time of growth and maturation in the brain.

A

true

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13
Q

true or false: after the period of emotional development, the result is a more sophisticated brain.

A

false. brain development, not emotional development.

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14
Q

among the physical effects of adolescence, which does not belong to the group?

  • sleep for longer periods
  • become more anxious
  • become clumsy as a result of growth spurt
  • become more sensitive about their weight
  • become concerned that they are not developing at the same rate as their peers
  • feel awkward towards the opposite sex
A

become more anxious

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15
Q

during sleep, which gland releases hormones that are necessary for development?

A

pituitary gland

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16
Q

true or false: circadian rhythm is regulated by enzymes.

A

false. it is regulated by hormones.

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16
Q

true or false: circadian rhythm is regulated by enzymes.

A

false. it is regulated by hormones.

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16
Q

true or false: circadian rhythm is regulated by enzymes.

A

false. it is regulated by hormones.

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17
Q

this hormone helps a person wind down

A

melatonin

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18
Q

what hormone helps a person wake up?

A

cortisol

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19
Q

true or false: during adolescence, the release of melatonin gets hay wired, and the sleep clock gets pushed back

A

true

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20
Q

produces tendency to nurture the young, to flee when frightened, and to play

A

limbic system

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21
Q

produces instinctive behavior, such as looking for food, grooming, establishing territory, and forming social groups

A

brain stem

22
Q

control panel for processing information

23
what are the three levels at which the cortex processes information?
1. receiving sensory stimuli 2. organizing stimuli into meaningful patterns 3. associating patterns to develop abstract types of learning and thinking
24
true or false: brains are around 95% fully developed by around age six in terms of size, connections, and structures.
false. the brain is 95% fully developed by around age six in terms of size, but there are things going on in the connections and structures of a teenager's brain
25
a phase of physiological change triggered by the release of hormones, begins in early adolescence
puberty
26
true or false: the onset of puberty is an intense developmental period with hormones signaling the development of primary sex characteristics (genitalia) and secondary sex characteristics (e.g. facial hair in boys, breast development in girls)
true
27
true or false: the increased adrenal hormone production affects skeletal growth, hair production, and skin changes
true
28
true or false: girls and boys mature at the same rate
false. girls tend to mature one to two years earlier than boys
29
true or false: these highly visible changes and disparate rates of maturity causes many young adolescents to feel confident about differences in their physical developments
false. these changes make adolescents feel uncomfortable.
30
what direction does the brain mature?
inside to outside and back to front
31
part of the brain that focuses on memory, understanding, language
temporal lobe
32
part of the brain that focuses on movement
motor cortex
33
part of the brain that focuses on sensations
sensory cortex
34
part of the brain that focuses on vision
occipital lobe
35
part of the brain that focuses on executive functions, thinking, planning, organizing and problem-solving, emotions and behavioral control, personality
frontal lobe
36
part of the brain that focuses on perception, making sense of the world, arithmetic, spelling
parietal lobe
37
This part of the brain is involved in: - self-control - planning - inhibiting inappropriate actions - problem-solving - multi-tasking - decision-making - self-awareness - social interaction
prefrontal cortex
38
what does fMRI stand for?
functional magnetic resonance imaging
39
true or false: prefrontal development and higher-level learning are stimulated by the following: reading thoughtful and mentally challenging materials reflecting planning problem-solving
true
40
what is the grey matter in the cortex?
cell bodies or nerve cells
41
what is the white matter in the cortex?
axons/myelin/cables that connect the nerves
42
part of the neuron that receive messages from other cells
dendrites
43
part of the neuron that refers to the cell's life or support center
cell body
44
part of the neuron that covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed neural impulses
myelin sheath
45
part of the neuron that form junctions with other cells
terminal branches of axon
46
part of the neuron that passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands
axon
47
the electrical signal traveling down the axon
neural impulse
48
how does the cortex "mature"?
1. Neurons have to "chat" or connect with other neurons. | 2. Neurons need to connect faster. It happens with the growth of myelin sheath, which helps to transmit signals faster.
49
if one neuron sends a lot of signals that excite another neuron, the synapse between the two is strengthened.
synaptic connection
50
the opposite of synaptic connection
synaptic pruning
51
fill in the blanks: structural change happens while ____, ____, ____ to environmental encounters.
developing, changing, responding
52
what part of the brain do teenagers use to identify and respond to facial expressions?
amygdala
53
what part of the brain do adults use to identify and respond to facial expressions?
prefrontal area
54
true or false: fast development is immediately experienced at first, which results in increased adaptability in the future.
false. slow development is experienced at first, but the result is increased adaptability in the future.
55
true or false: delayed period of development keeps the brain's flexibility longer.
true