Physical (Brain) and Emotional

Question 1

neural/cell level or person and interpersonal level:

connection/electrochemical

Answer 1

neural/ cell level

Question 2

neural/cell level or person and interpersonal level:

growth (myelination); pruning (use it or lose it)

Answer 2

neural/ cell level

Question 3

neural/ cell level or person and interpersonal level:

personal decisions and actions

Answer 3

person and interpersonal level

Question 4

neural/ cell level or person and interpersonal level:

interaction with people, events, environment

Answer 4

personal and interpersonal level

Question 5

neural/ cell level or person and interpersonal level:

developmental phases over lifetime with sensitive/ critical periods

Answer 5

neural/ cell level

Question 6

neural/ cell level or person and interpersonal level:

individual response to environmental stimuli

Answer 6

person and interpersonal level

Question 7

neural/ cell level or person and interpersonal level:

relationships

Answer 7

person and interpersonal stimuli

Question 8

neural/ cell level or person and interpersonal level:

plasticity of the association areas – reflection (not just reaction to stimuli)

Answer 8

neural/ cell level

Question 9

neural/ cell level or person and interpersonal level:

plasticity of the association areas – reflection (not just reaction to stimuli)

Answer 9

neural/ cell level

Question 10

what period refers to the transition between childhood and adulthood, which involves biological, cognitive, and other developmental changes?

Answer 10

adolescent period

Question 11

if adolescent period ends when the individual becomes a stable and functioning member of a society, when does it start?

Answer 11

onset of puberty/ puberty

Question 12

true or false: adolescence is a time of growth and maturation in the brain.

Answer 12

true

Question 13

true or false: after the period of emotional development, the result is a more sophisticated brain.

Answer 13

false. brain development, not emotional development.

Question 14

among the physical effects of adolescence, which does not belong to the group?

• sleep for longer periods
• become more anxious
• become clumsy as a result of growth spurt
• become more sensitive about their weight
• become concerned that they are not developing at the same rate as their peers
• feel awkward towards the opposite sex

Answer 14

become more anxious

Question 15

during sleep, which gland releases hormones that are necessary for development?

Answer 15

pituitary gland

Question 16

true or false: circadian rhythm is regulated by enzymes.

Answer 16

false. it is regulated by hormones.

Question 16

true or false: circadian rhythm is regulated by enzymes.

Answer 16

false. it is regulated by hormones.

Question 16

true or false: circadian rhythm is regulated by enzymes.

Answer 16

false. it is regulated by hormones.

Question 17

this hormone helps a person wind down

Answer 17

melatonin

Question 18

what hormone helps a person wake up?

Answer 18

cortisol

Question 19

true or false: during adolescence, the release of melatonin gets hay wired, and the sleep clock gets pushed back

Answer 19

true

Question 20

produces tendency to nurture the young, to flee when frightened, and to play

Answer 20

limbic system

Question 21

produces instinctive behavior, such as looking for food, grooming, establishing territory, and forming social groups

Answer 21

brain stem

Question 22

control panel for processing information

Answer 22

cortex

Question 23

what are the three levels at which the cortex processes information?

Answer 23

1. receiving sensory stimuli 2. organizing stimuli into meaningful patterns 3. associating patterns to develop abstract types of learning and thinking

Question 24

true or false: brains are around 95% fully developed by around age six in terms of size, connections, and structures.

Answer 24

false. the brain is 95% fully developed by around age six in terms of size, but there are things going on in the connections and structures of a teenager's brain

Question 25

a phase of physiological change triggered by the release of hormones, begins in early adolescence

Answer 25

puberty

Question 26

true or false: the onset of puberty is an intense developmental period with hormones signaling the development of primary sex characteristics (genitalia) and secondary sex characteristics (e.g. facial hair in boys, breast development in girls)

Answer 26

true

Question 27

true or false: the increased adrenal hormone production affects skeletal growth, hair production, and skin changes

Answer 27

true

Question 28

true or false: girls and boys mature at the same rate

Answer 28

false. girls tend to mature one to two years earlier than boys

Question 29

true or false: these highly visible changes and disparate rates of maturity causes many young adolescents to feel confident about differences in their physical developments

Answer 29

false. these changes make adolescents feel uncomfortable.

Question 30

what direction does the brain mature?

Answer 30

inside to outside and back to front

Question 31

part of the brain that focuses on memory, understanding, language

Answer 31

temporal lobe

Question 32

part of the brain that focuses on movement

Answer 32

motor cortex

Question 33

part of the brain that focuses on sensations

Answer 33

sensory cortex

Question 34

part of the brain that focuses on vision

Answer 34

occipital lobe

Question 35

part of the brain that focuses on executive functions, thinking, planning, organizing and problem-solving, emotions and behavioral control, personality

Answer 35

frontal lobe

Question 36

part of the brain that focuses on perception, making sense of the world, arithmetic, spelling

Answer 36

parietal lobe

Question 37

This part of the brain is involved in: - self-control - planning - inhibiting inappropriate actions - problem-solving - multi-tasking - decision-making - self-awareness - social interaction

Answer 37

prefrontal cortex

Question 38

what does fMRI stand for?

Answer 38

functional magnetic resonance imaging

Question 39

true or false: prefrontal development and higher-level learning are stimulated by the following: reading thoughtful and mentally challenging materials reflecting planning problem-solving

Answer 39

true

Question 40

what is the grey matter in the cortex?

Answer 40

cell bodies or nerve cells

Question 41

what is the white matter in the cortex?

Answer 41

axons/myelin/cables that connect the nerves

Question 42

part of the neuron that receive messages from other cells

Answer 42

dendrites

Question 43

part of the neuron that refers to the cell's life or support center

Answer 43

cell body

Question 44

part of the neuron that covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed neural impulses

Answer 44

myelin sheath

Question 45

part of the neuron that form junctions with other cells

Answer 45

terminal branches of axon

Question 46

part of the neuron that passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands

Answer 46

axon

Question 47

the electrical signal traveling down the axon

Answer 47

neural impulse

Question 48

how does the cortex "mature"?

Answer 48

1. Neurons have to "chat" or connect with other neurons. | 2. Neurons need to connect faster. It happens with the growth of myelin sheath, which helps to transmit signals faster.

Question 49

if one neuron sends a lot of signals that excite another neuron, the synapse between the two is strengthened.

Answer 49

synaptic connection

Question 50

the opposite of synaptic connection

Answer 50

synaptic pruning

Question 51

fill in the blanks: structural change happens while ____, ____, ____ to environmental encounters.

Answer 51

developing, changing, responding

Question 52

what part of the brain do teenagers use to identify and respond to facial expressions?

Answer 52

amygdala

Question 53

what part of the brain do adults use to identify and respond to facial expressions?

Answer 53

prefrontal area

Question 54

true or false: fast development is immediately experienced at first, which results in increased adaptability in the future.

Answer 54

false. slow development is experienced at first, but the result is increased adaptability in the future.

Question 55

true or false: delayed period of development keeps the brain's flexibility longer.

Answer 55

true