Cognition, Moral, Spiritual Flashcards
in this cognitive stage development, the adolescent (12+) can reason abstractly and thinks in hypothetical terms.
formal operational
the child (2-6y/o) uses symbols (words and images) to represent objects but does not reason logically. the child also has the ability to pretend, and is egocentric.
pre-operational/ preoperational
the infant (0-2y/o) explores the world through direct sensory and motor contact. object permanence and separation anxiety develop during this stage.
sensorimotor
enumerate the cognitive development stages by jean piaget
sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
the child (6-12y/o) can think logically about concrete objects and can thus add and subtract. the child understands conversation.
concrete operational
enumerate kohlberg’s three stages of development of moral reasoning.
pre-conventional, conventional, post-conventional
in this stage (2nd level), the child is concerned with the actions of a good citizen.
law and order (4th stage)
what do you call the stage wherein a child is more centered on the self?
obedience and avoidance of punishment (1st stage)
what stage is a person concerned with having good image?
interpersonal relationship (3rd stage)
in this stage, rules are social agreement but natural moral law transcends rules.
rights and social contract (5th stage)
a person is concerned with all and upholding transcendent principles
Universal ethical principles (6th stage)
a person begins to consider the needs of others and learns how to negotiate
instrumental exchange stage (2nd stage)
in the stages of interior life of the soul, how is being “illuminative” characterized?
- growing in charity and virtues
- progressing towards God
one of the characteristics of being “unitive” is remaining holiness and charity. what is the other one?
being united with God
name the two virtues of the “purgative” stage
- guarding charity, avoiding sin
- cleansing of the soul
in the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, a child experiences the world through senses and actions. what are its characteristics?
- object permanence
- goal-directed actions
- reverse actions (but not thinking)
certain of the logical stability of the physical world; exhibit basic aspects of reasoning: identity, compensation, reversibility, classification, seriation; able to do operations or actions that are carried out and reversed mentally (e.g. mathematical transformation)
give the stage that the characteristics above describe, along with its definition.
concrete operational - thinking logically about concrete events and grasping concrete analogies
enumerate the characteristics that define formal operational, or the stage where thinking about hypothetical scenarios and processing abstract thoughts are practiced.
- hypothetico-deductive reasoning
- abstract thinking and reasoning
- adolescent egocentrism (imaginary audience)
- potential for mature moral reasoning
in pre-operational stage, a child is now able to represent things with words and images. what are its characteristics?
- semiotic function
- language formation
- pretend play
- egocentric
- reversible thinking
it is the ability to hypothesize about a problem and identify various factors or variables that could be changed or manipulated to solve the problem. it also includes the capacity to estimate possible outcomes supposing the variables or factors are manipulated one at a time.
hypothetico-deductive reasoning or proportional thinking
what term refers to the struggle teens are facing where they are more concerned with people, struggle with changes in their appearance, identity and life experiences, which could lead to self-consciousness and feeling as though everyone is watching/judging their every movement?
imaginary audience
when a teen tends to use newly improved cognitive capacities to compare themselves with their peers and feel exceptionally unique and different, it is called ____. they also believe that they are different from everyone and that they have unique abilities and problems.
personal fable
in kohlberg’s stages of moral development, this stage focuses on the self and involves children of age 0 to 10-13 years of age whose behavior is motivated by anticipation of pleasurer or pain.
preconventional stage
In Stage 1 (Obedience and Punishment) of Preconventional Stage, what questions are formed?
- what must i do to avoid punishment?
- what can i do to force my will upon others?
