physical: atomic stucture

Question 1

what is the mass number

Answer 1

protons and neutrons

Question 2

what is the atomic number

Answer 2

neutrons

Question 3

john daltons theory

Answer 3

atoms are spheres

Question 4

jj thompsons theory

Answer 4

plum pudding model. discovered electrons

Question 5

rutherfords theory

Answer 5

gold foil experiment. discovered the positively charged nucleus. fired alpha particles at gold leaf foil

Question 6

bohrs theory

Answer 6

electrons are arranged in subshells/energy levels

Question 7

chadwicks theory

Answer 7

discovered neutrons

Question 8

what is relative atomic mass

Answer 8

average mass of an element relative to carbon12

Question 9

what is relative molecular mass

Answer 9

average mass of a molecule relative to carbon12

Question 10

what is relative isotopic mass

Answer 10

relative mass of all isotopes of an element relative to carbon12

Question 11

what are the 4 steps to time of flight

Answer 11

1. ionisation 2. acceleration 3. ion drift 4. detection

Question 12

what are the two types of ionisation inTOF

Answer 12

Electrospray ionisation: sample dissolved in volatile solvent and injected through fine needle. high voltage is passed through and loss of electron occurs
Electron impact: sample is vaporised and high electrons are fired from electron giun

Question 13

what is mass spectrometry used for

Answer 13

accurate information about relative isotopic mass and also relative abundance of isotopes. can be used to identify elements. can be used to determine relative
molecular mass.

Question 14

how do you work out relative atomic mass

Answer 14

(abundance x mass/charge)+(abundance x mass/charge) / 100

Question 15

what is ionisation energy

Answer 15

minimum energy required for one mole of electrons to be removed from one mole of atoms in a gaseous state

Question 16

whats the first ionisation energy equation for any atom?

Answer 16

X(g) -> e- + X+(g)