organic: intro

Question 1

define structural formula

Answer 1

how atoms are bonded to each other in a molecule

Question 2

define displayed formula

Answer 2

2d structure showing all atoms and bonds in a molecule

Question 3

define skeletal formula

Answer 3

shape of carbon skeleton (c and h bonds removed)

Question 4

define molecular formula

Answer 4

number and type of each atom in a molecule

Question 5

define empirical formula

Answer 5

simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a molecule

Question 6

what are the first four alkyl stems in order

Answer 6

meth- eth- prop- but-

Question 7

alkene functional group and suffix

Answer 7

C=C -ene

Question 8

halogenoalkane functional group and prefix

Answer 8

R-X (F CL I Br) fluoro- chloro bromo- iodo-

Question 9

alcohol functional group and suffix

Answer 9

C-OH -ol

Question 10

aldehyde functional group and suffix

Answer 10

R-C=O(H) -al

Question 11

ketone functional group and suffix

Answer 11

R-C=O(R) -one

Question 12

carboxylic acid functional group and suffix

Answer 12

R-C=O(OH) -oic acid

Question 13

nitrile functional group and suffix

Answer 13

R-CΞN -nitrile

Question 14

amine functional group and suffix

Answer 14

R-NH2 -amine

Question 15

what is a free radical

Answer 15

an atom or molecule with an unpaired electron

Question 16

what is homolytic fission

Answer 16

each atom receives one of the electrons from the covalent bond to form two radicals

Question 17

what does a curly arrow represent

Answer 17

the movement of electrons. start at the electron pair and finish at the atom where the new bond is made

Question 18

what is heterolytic fission

Answer 18

the more electronegative atom takes the shared pair of electrons from the covalent bond to form a negative ion and leaves behind a positive ion

Question 19

whats a homologous series

Answer 19

a group of organic compounds that have the same functional group but each repeating unit differs by ch2

Question 20

what is structural isomerism

Answer 20

molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural formula

Question 21

what are the different types of chain shapes

Answer 21

straight, branched, cyclic

Question 22

whats chain isomerism

Answer 22

compounds with the same molecular formula but hydrocarbon chain is different due to branching (eg, propane and 2-methylpropane)

Question 23

whats positional isomerism

Answer 23

same functional groups are located in different positions (different carbons) (butanol and 2-butanol)

Question 24

whats functional group isomerism

Answer 24

different types functional groups in the same molecular formula (butanol and ethoxyethane)

Question 25

whats stereoisomerism

Answer 25

same structural formula but atoms are arranged in a different space

Question 26

how does E/Z isomerism arrise

Answer 26

occurs only in alkenes and it is due to restricted rotation about C=C bond

Question 27

what is Z isomerism

Answer 27

highest priority compounds are on the same side

Question 28

what is E isomerism

Answer 28

highest priority compounds are on the opposite side