organic mechanisms Flashcards
what mechanism makes an alcohol (OH) from halogenoalkane (R-Br/Cl/F/I)
nucleophilic substiution
what mechanism makes an amine (NH3) from halogenoalkane (R-Br/Cl/F/I)
nucleophilic substitution
what mechanism makes a nitrile (CN) from halogenoalkane (R-Br/Cl/F/I)
nucleophilic substitution
what mechanism makes an alkene(C=C) from halogenoalkane (R-Br/Cl/F/I)
base-catalysed elimination
what mechanism makes an alkene (C=C) from an alcohol (OH)
acid elimination
what mechanism turns an aldehyde to a primary alcohol
nucleophilic addition (H+)
what mechanism turns a ketone to a secondary alcohol
nucleophilic addition (H+)
what forms when a carboxylic acid and alcohol react in the presence of an acid catalyst
an ester
what is reaction of a carboxylic acid and alcohol to form an ester
esterification/condensation
what is acylation
replacing a H with an acyl group
what is the mechanism when water/alcohol/ammonia/amine reacts with acyl chlorides or acid anhydrides
nucleophilic addition-elimination
what does ammonia/amines and acyl chlorides form
amides
what does water and acyl chlorides form
carboxylic acids
what do alcohols and acyl chlorides form
esters
what forms when aldehydes/ketones react with hydrogen cyanide
hydroxynitriles
what mechanisms are involved with halogenoalkanes
nucleophilic substitution and base elimination
what mechanisms are involved with alkEnes
electrophilic addition and acid hydration of ethene
what mechanisms are involved with alcohols
acid elimination
what mechanisms are involved with ketones and aldehydes
nucleophilic addition
