Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Development > Physical and Cognitive Development of Middle Childhood > Flashcards

Physical and Cognitive Development of Middle Childhood Flashcards

1
Q

4 features of middle childhood body growth

A

Slow regular pace
Bone lengthens
Muscles flexible
Permanent teeth appear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What part of the body grows fastest during middle childhood?

A

Lower body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Girls are shorter and lighter until what age?

A

9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

3 Health issues in middle childhood

A

Malnutrition
Obesity
Illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Obesity

A

Greater than 20% increase over healthy weight based on BMI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

3 physical symptoms of obesity

A

High blood pressure and cholesterol
Respiratory Problems
Insulin resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

5 Lifelong problems arising from obesity

A 
Heart disease
Diabetes
Gallbladder disease
Cancer
Early death
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

6 Causes of obesity

A 
Overweight parents
Low SES
Parental feeding
Insufficient sleep
Low physical activity
Eating out
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

3 components of a family based obesity intervention?

A

Diet
Exercise
Positive reinforcement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When are illness rates for children the highest?

A

During the first two years of elementary school

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What percentage of children have a chronic illness?

A

15%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the most common childhood chronic illness?

A

Asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What amount of childhood chronic conditions are accounted for by asthma?

A

1/3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Asthma

A

Bronchial tubes are highly sensitive to stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

5 Risk factors of astma

A 
Heredity
Pollution
Stress
Poor healthcare
Obesity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

5 improvements in gross motor skills

A 
Flexibility
Balance
Agility
Force
Reaction time
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

2 improvements in fine motor activity

A

Drawing

Writing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What 3 social factors contribute to sex differences in motor development?

A

Parental expectations
Self- perceptions
Coaching and media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What skill promotes popularity in games with rules?

A

Perspective taking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Rough and Tumble play

A

Friendly chasing and play fighting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

When does rough and tumble play occur?

A

Begins in preschool and peaks in middle childhood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Concrete Operational Stage

A

7-11 years. Thought is more flexible, logical and organized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Conservation

A

Passing conseration tasks shows development of operations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

2 constructs of conservation?

A

Decentration

Reversability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Decentration

A

Focusing on several aspects of a problem and relating them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Reversibility

A

Think through a series of steps and mentally reverse the direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Classification

A

Between 7 and 10, kids pass the Class Inclusion Problem showing they are more aware of classification hierarchies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Seriation

A

Ability to order items along a quantitative dimension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

When does seriation appear?

A

6-7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Transitive Inference

A

Ability to seriate mentally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

When does transitive inference appear?

A

7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Cognitive Map

A

Mental representations of familiar large scale spaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Spatial reasoning in pre school

A

Include landmark on maps and location of objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Spatial reasoning for 8-10 year olds

A

Landmarks along organized route of travel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Spatial reasoning at end of middle childhood

A

Overall view of large scale space and mastery of scale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Limitations of Concrete Operational Thought

A

Children can only think logically when dealing with concrete info, they struggle with abstract ideas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Continuum of acquisition

A

Children master concrete operational tasks gradually

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Neo- Piagetian Theorists

A

Operational thinking is gains in information processing rather than shift tot a new stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

3 improvements in attention

A

Selective
Adaptable
Planful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Order of acquired memory strategies

A

Rehearsal
Organization
Elaboration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

When does rehearsal appear?

A

Early grade school

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

When does organization appear?

A

Early grade school

43
Q

When does elaboration occur?

A

End of middle childhood

44
Q

Organization

A

Grouping related items together

45
Q

Elaboration

A

Creating relationships between pieces of info that should not occur in the same category

46
Q

ADHD

A

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

47
Q

3 Symptoms of ADHD

A

Inattention
Impulsivity
Excessive motor activity

48
Q

In what percentage of children with ADHD are stimulant medication effective?

A

70%

49
Q

What is the difference in memory strategies between Western and non- Western nations?

A

Western use memory strategies while other nations use everyday cues.

50
Q

What are 2 contributing skills to the Theory of Mind?

A

Mental inference

False belief knowledge

51
Q

Cognitive Self- regulation

A

Continuously monitoring progress towards a goal, checking outcomes and redirecting unsuccessful efforts

52
Q

3 Strategies in improving cognitive self- regulation

A

Point out important features of tasks
Suggest effective learning strategies
Emphasize monitoring of progress

53
Q

3 constructs of reading skill

A

Phonological awareness
Processing speed
Visual discrimination

54
Q

Whole language approach

A

Children should be exposed to complete text from the beginning to teach communicative function of written language

55
Q

Phonics Approach

A

Children should first be coached on phonics before complex reading material

56
Q

What approaches should be combined to best teach kids math?

A

Drill

Number Sense

57
Q

Stanford - Binet Intelligence Scale

A

Age 2+. 5 intellectual factors tested with verbal and non verbal methods as well as general intelligence

58
Q

Wechsler Scale of Intelligence

A

6-16. General intelligence and 4 broad factors.

59
Q

What is significant about the Wechsler scale?

A

It downplays culturally dependant knowledge

60
Q

Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory

A

Intelligent behaviour is balancing 3 intelligences according to personal goals and expectations of the community

61
Q

3 intelligences of Sternberg’s theory

A

Analytical
Creative
Practical

62
Q

Analytical Intelligence

A

Information processing components that underlie all intelligent acts

63
Q

3 constructs of analytical intelligence

A

Apply strategies
Acquire metacognition knowledge
Self- regulation

64
Q

Creative intelligence

A

Make processing skills automatic to free working memory for complex thinking to solve novel problems

65
Q

Practical Intelligence

A

Goal oriented activity aimed at adapting to, shaping and selecting environments that meet personla goals and the demands of the everyday world

66
Q

Gardners Multiple Intelligences

A

Intelligence in terms of processing operations to perform culturally valued activities

67
Q

Which inteligence test dismisses the notion of general intelligence?

A

Gardners theory of multiple intelligence

68
Q

8 Gardner’s multiple intelligences

A 
Linguistic
Logico- mathematical
Musical
Spatial
Bodily- kinesthetic
Naturalist
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
69
Q

Secular Trend

A

Generational rise in average IQ

70
Q

Cultural test bias

A

Testing skills that kids don not have equal opportunity to learn

71
Q

4 cultural influences on IQ test results

A

Test bias
Communication Styles
Knowledge
Stereotype threats

72
Q

What are the 2 communication styles?

A

Hierarchial and collaborative

73
Q

Stereotype Threat

A

Fear of being judged based on a negative stereotype

74
Q

White parent communication style

A

Knowledge training questions

Hierarchial communication

75
Q

Minority parent communication style

A

Analogy or story starter questions foster verbal skills

Collaborative communication

76
Q

How to reduce cultural test bias?

A

Combine test scores with an assessment of adaptive behaviour

77
Q

Dynamic Asessment

A

Adult introduces purposeful teaching into testing to see what child can attain with support

78
Q

How much does vocabulary improve during middle childhood?

A

Fourfold

79
Q

What gains in grammar occur in middle childhood?

A

Passive voice

Infinitive phrases

80
Q

What gains in pragmatics occur in middle childhood?

A

Adjusting speech to people and situations

Phrase requests to get what they want

81
Q

What percentage of kids are in french immersion?

A

7%

82
Q

6 factors of high quality elementary education

A 
Class size
Physical setting
Curiculum
Teacher/ child interaction
Progress evaluations
Relationship with family
83
Q

What is the optimum class size?

A

No more than 18

84
Q

Traditional Classroom

A

Teacher is sole authority and kids are passive listeners

85
Q

Constructivist classroom

A

Encourage students to construct their own knowledge

86
Q

What educational philosophy is grounded in Piaget’s theory?

A

Constructivist

87
Q

What are the 4 factors of a social constructivist classroom?

A

Teachers and kids are partners in learning
Many types of symbolic communication
Adapt teaching to kids zone of proximal development
Cooperative learning among students

88
Q

What 2 teacher behaviours impede achievement?`

A

Repetitive drill

Bias for well behaved students

89
Q

Education self- fulfilling prophecies

A

Children live up to teacher’s views of them

90
Q

Inclusive Classrooms

A

Special needs kids learn alongside typical students to prepare them to participate in society

91
Q

Mild mental retardation

A

IQ between 55 and 70

92
Q

Learning Disability

A

Great difficulty in one or more aspect of learning, usually reading

93
Q

What percentage of children have a learning disability?

A

5-10%

94
Q

What causes learning disabilities?

A

Deficits in brain functioning

95
Q

What is the best learning environment for children with learning disabilities?

A

Least restrictive environment- Combination of inclusive classroom and resource room

96
Q

Creativity

A

Ability to produce original, appropriate work that is useful in some way

97
Q

Divergent Thinking

A

Generating multiple, unusual possibilities for a problem

98
Q

Convergent Thinking

A

Generating correct answer

99
Q

What type of thinking is emphasized on intelligence tests?

A

Convergent

100
Q

Gifted

A

Exceptional intellectual strengths

101
Q

Talented

A

Outstanding in a specific field

102
Q

USA education

A

Less challenging teaching, emphasis on absorbing facts

103
Q

Finland education

A

Nationally mandated curricula, teaching practices and assessments foster problem solving, initiative and creativity

104
Q

Asian education

A

Belief that all children can succeed with enough effort

Development (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions