Emotional and Social Development of Adolescence Flashcards
Which Erikson stage occurs during adolescence
Identity vs Role Confusion
Identity
Defining who you are and your direction in life
Identity crisis
Period of distress while experimenting with alternatives
Role confusion
Lack of direction and self- defintion
What causes role confusion
Earlier psychosocial conflicts were not resolved
Society restricts choices to ones that do not match ability and desires
Qualifiers
Understanding that qualities can vary from one situation to the next
Integrating principles
Helps make sense of former self- concept contradictions
What new dimensions are added to self- esteem
Friendships
Romantic Appeal
Job compentancy
2 criteria in forming an identity
Commitment
Exploration
Identity Achievement
Commitment to values, beliefs and goals following a period of exploration
Identity Moratorium
Exploration without having reached commitment
Identity foreclosure
Commitment in the absence of exploration
Identity Diffusion
Apathetic state. Lack of exploration and commitment
Information gathering stage
Achieved and moratorium
Dogmatic, inflexible stage
Foreclosure and diffusion
Diffuse- avoidant stage
Long term diffusion
5 factors in identity development
Personality Child rearing Interaction with diverse peers Schools/ communities Culture and societal forces
3 levels of Kohlberg’s morality
Preconventional
Conventional
Postconventional
Kohlberg stage 1
Punishment and obedience
Overlook intentions and focus on avoiding punishment
Preconventional Level
Morality is externally controlled
Kohlberg stage 2
Instrumental purpose
Aware of different perspectives
Conventional Level
Maintaining a social system ensures positive relationships ans social order
Kohlberg stage 3
Good- boy/ girl
Do unto others as you would have them do unto you
Kohlberg stage 4
Social order maintaining
Take societal laws into account
Postconventional stage
Abstract values and principles that apply to all of society
Kohlberg stage 5
Social contract
Laws are flexible instruments to further human purpose
Kohlberg stage 6
Universal ethical principle
Principles of conscience valid for all people regardless of law
What Kohlberg stages do most people not make it to
5 and 6
What did Kohlberg emphasize
Rights and justice orientation
What did Gilligan emphasize
Ethic and care organization
What moral orientation do females stress more
Ethic of care
4 moral factors effecting behaviour
Maturity of moral reasoning
Emotions
Temperament
Cultural experiences and beliefs
Moral identity
Degree to which morality is central to self- concept
Pragmatic approach to morality
Claim Kohlberg’s stages innadequately account for behaviour in everyday life
Pragmatic Approach opinion
Moral judgements are practical tools used to achieve goals
Critics of the pragmatic approach
Say people often rise above self interest to defend others’ rights
Gender intensification
Increased gender stereotyping of attitudes and behaviours, and a movement towards a more traditional gender role
Who is gender intensification more common for
Girls
Autonomy
Sense of oneself as a seperate, self governing individual
3 Family circumstances effecting autonomy granting
Financial security
Work pressures
Stable marriage
3 things friendships are built on
Intimacy
Mutual understanding
Loyalty
4 things friends are similar in
Identity status
Educational aspirations
Political beliefs
Deviant behaviour
Girl friendships
Emotional closeness and bond through self disclosure and support
Boy friendships
Shared activities, achievement, status, competition
3 risks of friendships
Corumination
Relational Aggression
Internet communication
Corumination
Repeatedly mull over problems and negative emotions triggers anxiety and depression, especially in girls
5 benefits of friendship
Explore self Deeply understand one another Foundation for future intimate relationships Manage stress Improve school attitude and involvement
Cliques
Groups of 5-7 who are good friends and resemble each other in family background, attitudes and values
Crowds
Several cliques with similar values form a larger group where membership is based on reputation and stereotypes
Early adolescence dating
For recreation and peer status
Late adolescence dating
Intimacy, compatibility, affection and social support
Dating too early
Causes drug use, sex and delinquency. Predicts poor academic performance and risk of dating violence
What percentage of youth experience at least one major depressive episode
15- 20 %
Why do twice as many girls get depressed as boys
Gender intensification
Early maturation
3 factors contributing to depression
Genes
Parental depression
Gender typed coping skills
2 types of young people likely to commit suicide
Highly intelligent withdrawn
Anti social hostile
Early onset delinquency
Begins in childhood
Biological risk and inept parenting
Late onset delinquency
Begins around puberty
Peer influenced
Which type of delinquency is linked to serious anti social activity
Early onset
