Emotional and Social Development of Middle Childhood

Question 1

Industrious

Answer 1

Pursuit of meaningful achievement in one’s culture

Question 2

What Erikson stage occurs in middle childhood?

Answer 2

Industry vs. Inferiority

Question 3

Industry

Answer 3

Developing a sense of competence at useful skills and tasks

Question 4

Inferirority

Answer 4

Pessimism and lack of confidence in ability to do things well

Question 5

Why does inferiority vs industry happen?

Answer 5

When children enter school they begin to size up their abilities

Question 6

At what age do kids emphasize competencies over specific behaviours?

Answer 6

8-11

Question 7

What contributes to kids begining emphasizing competancies?

Answer 7

Cognitive gains and perspective taking

Question 8

What culture are more likely to value personal attributes over group membership?

Answer 8

Western culture

Question 9

When does childrens self esteem lower?

Answer 9

When they enter school and their self esteem becomes more realistic

Question 10

What is most strongly correlated with childrens self worth?

Answer 10

Physical appearance

Question 11

What are the 4 constructs of the hierarchial structure of self esteem?

Answer 11

Academic
Social
Physical/ Athletic
Physical appearance

Question 12

Asian self esteem

Answer 12

Strong emphasis on social comparison lowers self esteem

Question 13

In what areas do girls have higher self esteem?

Answer 13

Language arts, friendship and social acceptance

Question 14

In what areas do boys have higher self esteem?

Answer 14

Math, science and athletics

Question 15

What parenting style promotes self esteem?

Answer 15

Authoritative

Question 16

Attributions

Answer 16

Common explanations for causes of behaviour

Question 17

What are the 3 attributions of child behaviour?

Answer 17

Luck
Ability
Effort

Question 18

Mastery Oriented Attributions

Answer 18

Crediting success to ability and attributing failure to controllable factors that can be overcome by effort

Question 19

Learned Helplessness

Answer 19

Credit success to external factors and attribute failure to lack of ability

Question 20

Which achievement related attribution believes that ability is fixed?

Answer 20

Learned helplessness

Question 21

Which achievement related attribution promotes high self esteem?

Answer 21

Mastery oriented attributions

Question 22

What parenting practice makes children adopt a fixed sense of ability?

Answer 22

Evaluation of traits

Question 23

Who is more likely to be learned helpless?

Answer 23

Girls, low SES and minorities

Question 24

Attribution Retraining

Answer 24

Intervention for learned helplessness kids

Question 25

Self Conscious emotions

Answer 25

Pride and guilt governed by personal responsibility

Question 26

Pride

Answer 26

Motivates children to take on further challenges

Question 27

Guilt

Answer 27

Make amends and strive for self- improvement but too much leads to depression

Question 28

3 constructs of emotional understanding

Answer 28

Explain internal states Understand mixed emotions Increased empathy

Question 29

Problem centred coping

Answer 29

Appraise situation as changeable, ID problem and find a solution

Question 30

Emotional Centred coping

Answer 30

If problem centred doesnt work, internal controlling distress when outcome is out of control

Question 31

Emotional Self Efficacy

Answer 31

Ability to be in control of emotional experience

Question 32

3 Types of in group bias

Answer 32

In group favoritism Out group prejudice Out group favoritism

Question 33

In Group Favoritism

Answer 33

Prefering your own group

Question 34

Out group prejudice

Answer 34

Assigning negative beliefs and stereotypes to minorites

Question 35

Out Group favoritism

Answer 35

Assigning positive traits to priveledged white people and negative beliefs about their own group

Question 36

3 individual factors of prejudice

Answer 36

Fixed view of personality traits Overly high self- esteem Social world where people are sorted into groups

Question 37

3 ways to reduce prejudice

Answer 37

Long- term intergroup contact Fostering belief that personality traits can be changed Volunteer to help the needy

Question 38

Peer Groups

Answer 38

Collectives that generate unique values and standards for behaviour and social structure of leaders and followers

Question 39

Peer Culture

Answer 39

Vocabulary, dress code, gathering place

Question 40

Social Prominence

Answer 40

Childrens' judgements of peers that most of their classmates admire

Question 41

4 types of peer acceptance

Answer 41

Popular Rejected Controversial Neglected

Question 42

Popular Prosocial

Answer 42

Combine academic and social competance

Question 43

Popular Antisocial

Answer 43

Relationally aggressive kids who enhance their own status by excluding, ignoring or spreading rumours

Question 44

Rejected Aggressive

Answer 44

Conflict, aggression, hyperactive, innatentive, impulsive behaviour

Question 45

Rejected Withdrawn

Answer 45

Passive and socially awkward

Question 46

Controversial

Answer 46

Large number of positive and negative opinions of them

Question 47

Neglected

Answer 47

Seldom mentioned positively or negatively

Question 48

4 ways to help rejected children

Answer 48

Coach positive social skills Promote perspective taking and problem solving Alter peers negative opinions Intervene in negative parenting practices

Question 49

What percentage of children are bullies and victims?

Answer 49

20% bullies | 25% victims

Question 50

Who are most likely to be bullies?

Answer 50

Boys who are physically, verbally and relationally aggressive

Question 51

What gender stereotyped behaviours are praised in boys and girls?

Answer 51

Praise boys for knowledge and girls for obedience

Question 52

3 self evaluations of gender

Answer 52

Gender typicality Gender contentedness Pressure to conform to gender roles

Question 53

Coregulation

Answer 53

Parents exercise oversight but let children take charge on moment to moment decision making

Question 54

What are the immediate consequences of divorce?

Answer 54

Drop in income Parental stress Disorganized home life

Question 55

What percentage of divorced parents remarry within a few years?

Answer 55

60%

Question 56

What is the most common kind of blended family?

Answer 56

Mother/ Stepfather

Question 57

How do children adapt to a mother/ stepfather relationship?

Answer 57

Boys adapt quickly but girls adjust less favorably | Older children show more problems

Question 58

How do children adapt to a father/ stepmother relationship?

Answer 58

Leads to reduced father- child contact All children react negatively Girls are slow to warm but adjust favourably

Question 59

3 benefits of maternal employment

Answer 59

Higher self esteem and better grades Increased father involvement and positive social relations Fewer gender stereotypes

Question 60

Drawback of maternal employment?

Answer 60

High employment demands are associated with ineffective parenting

Question 61

5 common fears of middle childhood

Answer 61

``` Poor academic performance Peer rejection Personal harm Threat to parents health Frightening media events ```

Question 62

When do kids fear maternal seperation at school?

Answer 62

5-7

Question 63

When do children fear particular aspects of school?

Answer 63

11-13

Question 64

Who are the most common victims of sexual abuse?

Answer 64

Girls in middle childhood

Question 65

Who is the most likely sexual abuser?

Answer 65

Male who is a family member or who is known by a family member

Question 66

4 factors contributing to resilience

Answer 66

Personal characteristics Warm parental relationship Supportive adult outside family Community resources