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Development > Emotional and Social Development of Middle Childhood > Flashcards

Emotional and Social Development of Middle Childhood Flashcards

1
Q

Industrious

A

Pursuit of meaningful achievement in one’s culture

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2
Q

What Erikson stage occurs in middle childhood?

A

Industry vs. Inferiority

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3
Q

Industry

A

Developing a sense of competence at useful skills and tasks

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4
Q

Inferirority

A

Pessimism and lack of confidence in ability to do things well

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5
Q

Why does inferiority vs industry happen?

A

When children enter school they begin to size up their abilities

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6
Q

At what age do kids emphasize competencies over specific behaviours?

A

8-11

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7
Q

What contributes to kids begining emphasizing competancies?

A

Cognitive gains and perspective taking

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8
Q

What culture are more likely to value personal attributes over group membership?

A

Western culture

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9
Q

When does childrens self esteem lower?

A

When they enter school and their self esteem becomes more realistic

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10
Q

What is most strongly correlated with childrens self worth?

A

Physical appearance

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11
Q

What are the 4 constructs of the hierarchial structure of self esteem?

A

Academic
Social
Physical/ Athletic
Physical appearance

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12
Q

Asian self esteem

A

Strong emphasis on social comparison lowers self esteem

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13
Q

In what areas do girls have higher self esteem?

A

Language arts, friendship and social acceptance

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14
Q

In what areas do boys have higher self esteem?

A

Math, science and athletics

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15
Q

What parenting style promotes self esteem?

A

Authoritative

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16
Q

Attributions

A

Common explanations for causes of behaviour

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17
Q

What are the 3 attributions of child behaviour?

A

Luck
Ability
Effort

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18
Q

Mastery Oriented Attributions

A

Crediting success to ability and attributing failure to controllable factors that can be overcome by effort

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19
Q

Learned Helplessness

A

Credit success to external factors and attribute failure to lack of ability

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20
Q

Which achievement related attribution believes that ability is fixed?

A

Learned helplessness

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21
Q

Which achievement related attribution promotes high self esteem?

A

Mastery oriented attributions

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22
Q

What parenting practice makes children adopt a fixed sense of ability?

A

Evaluation of traits

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23
Q

Who is more likely to be learned helpless?

A

Girls, low SES and minorities

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24
Q

Attribution Retraining

A

Intervention for learned helplessness kids

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25
Q

Self Conscious emotions

A

Pride and guilt governed by personal responsibility

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26
Q

Pride

A

Motivates children to take on further challenges

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27
Q

Guilt

A

Make amends and strive for self- improvement but too much leads to depression

28
Q

3 constructs of emotional understanding

A

Explain internal states
Understand mixed emotions
Increased empathy

29
Q

Problem centred coping

A

Appraise situation as changeable, ID problem and find a solution

30
Q

Emotional Centred coping

A

If problem centred doesnt work, internal controlling distress when outcome is out of control

31
Q

Emotional Self Efficacy

A

Ability to be in control of emotional experience

32
Q

3 Types of in group bias

A

In group favoritism
Out group prejudice
Out group favoritism

33
Q

In Group Favoritism

A

Prefering your own group

34
Q

Out group prejudice

A

Assigning negative beliefs and stereotypes to minorites

35
Q

Out Group favoritism

A

Assigning positive traits to priveledged white people and negative beliefs about their own group

36
Q

3 individual factors of prejudice

A

Fixed view of personality traits
Overly high self- esteem
Social world where people are sorted into groups

37
Q

3 ways to reduce prejudice

A

Long- term intergroup contact
Fostering belief that personality traits can be changed
Volunteer to help the needy

38
Q

Peer Groups

A

Collectives that generate unique values and standards for behaviour and social structure of leaders and followers

39
Q

Peer Culture

A

Vocabulary, dress code, gathering place

40
Q

Social Prominence

A

Childrens’ judgements of peers that most of their classmates admire

41
Q

4 types of peer acceptance

A

Popular
Rejected
Controversial
Neglected

42
Q

Popular Prosocial

A

Combine academic and social competance

43
Q

Popular Antisocial

A

Relationally aggressive kids who enhance their own status by excluding, ignoring or spreading rumours

44
Q

Rejected Aggressive

A

Conflict, aggression, hyperactive, innatentive, impulsive behaviour

45
Q

Rejected Withdrawn

A

Passive and socially awkward

46
Q

Controversial

A

Large number of positive and negative opinions of them

47
Q

Neglected

A

Seldom mentioned positively or negatively

48
Q

4 ways to help rejected children

A

Coach positive social skills
Promote perspective taking and problem solving
Alter peers negative opinions
Intervene in negative parenting practices

49
Q

What percentage of children are bullies and victims?

A

20% bullies

25% victims

50
Q

Who are most likely to be bullies?

A

Boys who are physically, verbally and relationally aggressive

51
Q

What gender stereotyped behaviours are praised in boys and girls?

A

Praise boys for knowledge and girls for obedience

52
Q

3 self evaluations of gender

A

Gender typicality
Gender contentedness
Pressure to conform to gender roles

53
Q

Coregulation

A

Parents exercise oversight but let children take charge on moment to moment decision making

54
Q

What are the immediate consequences of divorce?

A

Drop in income
Parental stress
Disorganized home life

55
Q

What percentage of divorced parents remarry within a few years?

A

60%

56
Q

What is the most common kind of blended family?

A

Mother/ Stepfather

57
Q

How do children adapt to a mother/ stepfather relationship?

A

Boys adapt quickly but girls adjust less favorably

Older children show more problems

58
Q

How do children adapt to a father/ stepmother relationship?

A

Leads to reduced father- child contact
All children react negatively
Girls are slow to warm but adjust favourably

59
Q

3 benefits of maternal employment

A

Higher self esteem and better grades
Increased father involvement and positive social relations
Fewer gender stereotypes

60
Q

Drawback of maternal employment?

A

High employment demands are associated with ineffective parenting

61
Q

5 common fears of middle childhood

A 
Poor academic performance
Peer rejection
Personal harm
Threat to parents health
Frightening media events
62
Q

When do kids fear maternal seperation at school?

A

5-7

63
Q

When do children fear particular aspects of school?

A

11-13

64
Q

Who are the most common victims of sexual abuse?

A

Girls in middle childhood

65
Q

Who is the most likely sexual abuser?

A

Male who is a family member or who is known by a family member

66
Q

4 factors contributing to resilience

A

Personal characteristics
Warm parental relationship
Supportive adult outside family
Community resources

Development (5 decks)

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