Physical and Cognitive development in Middle Childhood: 6-11 years old

Question 1

Body growth

Answer 1

Gender trends: females higher on charts in height an weight
-growth spurt preparing them for puberty
Proportions: smaller and thinner
-permanent teeth come in

Question 2

Myopia

Answer 2

Near sightedness
eyeball to long: light hits vitreous, then spreads out
can’t see objects at a distance

Question 3

Hyperopia

Answer 3

Far sightedness
eyeball to short: light hits behind retina
can’t focus on near objects
born with it or it develops over time

Question 4

Presbyopia

Answer 4

Late onset hyperopia - age related

lens malfunctions: unable to change shape

Question 5

Astigmatism

Answer 5

Irregular shaped cornea: football instead of basketball
Results in light focusing on 2 points of retina
brain interprets both and is unsure what to do
hard to correct
challenges with vertical and horizontal lines
general fuzziness

Question 6

Cataracts

Answer 6

degeneration of natural lens- opaque: build up of protein

• senile: age related
• congenital: born with it, chromosome abnormality
• secondary: result of medication- second most common
• traumatic: blunt for trauma to head or eye, easily corrected with surgery

Question 7

Glaucoma

Answer 7

Age related
build up of fluid pressure causes loss of peripheral
-tunnel vision
progresses till blind- no cure, secondary cause of blindness
Closed angle: severe, lose vision within 6 months-year
Open angle: slow, don’t realize until losing vision

Question 8

Hearing loss

Answer 8

Conductive: outer/ middle ear- unable to conduct waves, or pass it on
Cochlear: inner ear- hairs are sensitive and easily damaged
Presbyacusis: age related- men more likely up to 75

Question 9

Tinnitus

Answer 9

Ringing in ear - Auditory systems perceive this
not disease by symptom
no cause or cure
many experience temporary form of this

Question 10

Hyperacusis

Answer 10

normal hearing, but auditory systems interpret sounds as unpleasant
don’t like normal sounds

Question 11

loudness sensitivity

Answer 11

cochlear hearing loss already occurred
sounds are unpleasant- hear things excessively
unsure why some suffer from this

Question 12

Concrete operational stage

Answer 12

thinking is straightforward and in well defined patterns

Question 13

Seriation

Answer 13

ability to order things quantitatively

understand proper order and why

Question 14

Spatial reasoning

Answer 14

start to understand
many argue this comes later
-reading maps
-understanding where you are in space

Question 15

Gross Motor development

Answer 15

Refinement of skills

Contributes to improved motor performance

Question 16

Fine motor development

Answer 16

dress themselves
use all utensils
writing becomes important- cursive writing
drawing- things are proportional
-spatially aware: put things on paper

Question 17

Language development

Answer 17

SESITIVE PERIOD
2nd language during middle childhood
vocab: 40 000 - 50 000 words
learn how to read
can converse, want to engage in participation