Physical and Cognitive Development In Adolescence Flashcards
What is PISA and what is it used for?
Programme for International Student Assessment that is used for worldwide assessmenet of how well 15 year-olds can apply their academic ability to solve real life problems.
Define Bulimia
An eating disorder characterized by binge eating and purging
What is the decline in the average age of menarche, along with changes such as an increase in average height for both children and adults, that happened between mid 19th and mid 20th centuries in developing nations
Secular Trend
Define Menarche
The beginning of the menstrual cycle
The ability to derive conclusions from hypothetical premises
Hypothetico-deductive reasoning
Ability Goals
Goals based on a desire to be superior to others
What is the fourth of Piaget’s stages, characterized by the ability to reason logically about abstract concepts
Formal Operational Stage
What are goals based on a desire for self-improvement called?
Task Goals
An internal set of behavioural standards usually derived from a teenager’s peer group…
Imaginary Audience
Name an eating disorder that is characterized by self-starvation
Anorexia Nervosa
Define Personal Fable
The belief that the events of one’s life are controlled by a mentally constructed autobiography
What is the transition period between childhood and adulthood called?
Adolescence
Define Pituitary Gland
A gland that controls and signals other glands to release hormones
What is the collective term for the physical changes that culminate in sexual maturity?
Puberty
What are primary sex characteristics
The sex organs: ovaries, uterus, vulva and vagina in the female; testes and penis in the male
What term describes body parts that develop during puberty such as breasts in females and pubic hair in both sexes?
Secondary Sex Characteristics
What did Piaget reason is the time when youth’s main task is to learn what?
To reason logically about abstract facts
What type of thinking enables adolescents in using formal operational thinking to construct an ideal world and compare it to the real world?
Hypothetico-deductive reasoning
What is Elkind’s theory of imaginary audience?
A psychological state where an individual imagines and believes that an “audience” is watching them and is a component of adolescent egocentrism
What is one difference between high school and elementary school students and their ability in memory task experiments?
High school students are better at recognizing how and when to use appropriate learning strategies
When do children develop the ability to summarize text information?
It improves gradually during the second half of adolescence.
Describe the developmental pattern in grey matter across adolescence
Myelination progresses steadily throughout the brain and there is an inverted U-shaped developmental pattern in grey matter volumes, driven by synaptogenesis and synaptic pruning
What are the statistics of teenage pregnancy?
Roughly 3 out of 100 Canadian teenage girls become pregnant with less than half giving birth. Teenage pregnancy is generally associated with negative consequences
What is sensation seeking in teenagers?
When teenagers engage is high rates of risky behaviour, such as drug use, fast driving, and unprotected sex
