Chapter 4 physical sensory and perceptual development in infancy Flashcards
Describe the development of the brain and nervous system in the first two years of life
These systems develop rapidly
The mid brain and medulla which regulate vital functions are almost fully developed at birth
The least developed part of the brain at birth is the cortex
What is the least developed part of the brain at birth?
The cortex the part involved in perception, body movement thinking in language
What is SynaptoGenesis?
The creation of synopsis it is followed by synaptic pruning
What facilitates neuroplastic city
The dense dendrites and synapsis in a child’s brain, giving them the ability to re-organize neural pathways and connections in response to experience
Describe myelinization
The process where axons are gradually covered by Mylin, which insulates them electrically from one another improving conductivity
What part of the brain regulates attention and isn’t fully myelinized until the mid 20s
The reticular formation
What is the difference between adaptive reflexes and primitive reflexes?
Adaptive reflexes such as sucking, help newborn survive some disappear in infancy or childhood others persist through life
Primitive reflexes are controlled by primitive parts of the brain. They disappear by six months of age.
What are the three types of cry?
Basic cry, signal, hunger: rhythmical pattern
Anger cry: louder, and more intense
Pain cry : very abrupt onset
What is ossification?
The hardening of bones that begins during prenatal development, continues throughout puberty and is required for motor development
What is kwashiorkor
A diet too low and protein, where the child is chronically ill with large amounts of water retention in belly
Describe an infants, visual acuity
Visual acuity of a newborn is about 40 times worse than a normal sighted adult
By six months of age vision improved to the point where it is only eight times worse than that of normal sighted adult
Develops rapidly during the first year as the result of SynaptoGenesis, pruning, and myelination
What is tracking in terms of vision?
The process of following a moving object initially inefficient, but improves rapidly
What is the best developed sense of an infant?
Touch and motion
What is preference technique?
When an infant has a longer looking time at one picture or object compared to another
What is intermodal perception?
Formation of a single perception of a stimulus that is based on information from two or more senses possible as early as one month in common by six months
What is cross model transfer?
The transfer of information from one sentence to another
