Physical activity, sedentary behaviour & body mass

Question 1

Food intake in excess of energy expenditure is called ?

Answer 1

Positive Energy balance

Question 2

Food intake less than energy expenditure is called?

Answer 2

Negative energy balance

Question 3

How is energy provided to the body via nutrients?

Answer 3

Catabolism of nutrients

Question 4

What maintains homeostasis when it comes to nutrition?

Answer 4

Dietary intake must be approximately equal to energy expenditure

Question 5

How many calories are in 1 g of lipids?

Answer 5

9 kcal

Question 6

Again of protein contains how kCal?

Answer 6

4 kCal

Question 7

How many kCal are in1g of carbohydrates?

Answer 7

4 kCal

Question 8

What is Basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

Answer 8

Is the energy expenditure by the body when at rest, but not asleep, under controlled conditions of thermal neutrality, measured about 12 hours after the last meal, and depends on weight, age and gender

Question 9

What does the Total energy expenditure depend on ?

Answer 9

Depends on BMR, the energy required for physical activity, and the energy cost for synthesising reserves in the fed state

Question 10

What if the formula for Metabolic Rate Energy Output?

Answer 10

Metabolic rate energy output= external work + energy storage + heat

Question 11

What is Catabolism?

Answer 11

oxidation of carbohydrates , proteins and fats to produce carbon dioxide and Water and ENERGY

Question 12

What is Anabolism?

Answer 12

Energy can be stored in the form of energy rich phosphate compounds and in the form of proteins, fats and complex carbohydrates

Question 13

Energy requirement varies with what?

Answer 13

Varies with age

Varies with sex

Varies with activity level

Question 14

What is the Total Energy Expenditure (TEE)?

Answer 14

Number of calories needed per day

Question 15

What is the Total Energy Expenditure (TEE)?

Answer 15

(1) Resting Energy Expenditure or basal metabolic rate
(2) Thermic effect of food (Rough estimation: TEF = Total calories consumed/day x 0.1)
(3) Activity - Activities of daily living (ADL) - physical activity. (PA)

Question 16

What is BMR?

Answer 16

Basal Resting Metabolism

Accounts for 60-75% of daily expenditure

Question 17

What is the most important determinant of BMR?

Answer 17

Body size

Question 18

BMR is higher in leaner individuals

True or false?

Answer 18

True

Question 19

What is the REE?

Answer 19

Resting Energy Expenditure,

Question 20

What is Thermic effect of feeding (TEF) ?

Answer 20

TEF is the energy cost of digestion, absorption, processing and storage of nutrients

Comprises about 10% of TEE in sedentary individuals

There are no significant differences in between ages or gender

Lower TEF is often seen in obese individuals

Question 21

What is diet induced thermogenesis?

Answer 21

increase in metabolic rate after a meal

Question 22

The most useful way of expressing the energy cost of physical activities is as a multiple of BMR.

True or false?

Answer 22

True

This is known as the physical activity ratio (PAR) or metabolic equivalent of the task (MET).

Question 23

How much hBMR di sedentary activities use?

Answer 23

About 1.1 to 1.2 x BMR

Question 24

What is PAL physical activity level ?

Answer 24

is the sum of the PAR of different activities, multiplied by the time taken for that activity, divided by 24 hours.

Question 25

At any weight, a person whose body weight and physical activity remain stable must consume the same number of calories as are expended. True or false

Answer 25

True

Question 26

As weight (body mass) increases, basal metabolism and the cost of carrying the extra weight in activities both rise gradually, roughly in proportion to the weight gain. So continued weight gain will occur only if the calories consumed continue to rise. True or false?

Answer 26

True

Question 27

For continued weight loss, to treat obesity, energy intake must fall further to remain at a level below the reduced energy expenditure True or false?

Answer 27

True

Question 28

What is the equation for EER Estimated Energy Requirement ?

Answer 28

EER = 354 - (6.91 x age [y]) + PA x { (9.36 x weight [kg]) + (726 x height [m]) } women EER = 354 - (6.91 x age [y]) + PA x { (9.36 x weight [kg]) + (726 x height [m]) } me

Question 29

What are the factors that affect metabolic rate?

Answer 29

``` Muscular exertion during or just before measurement Recent ingestion of food High or low environmental temperature Height, weight, and surface area Sex Age Growth Reproduction Lactation Emotional state Body temperature Circulating levels of thyroid hormones Circulating epinephrine and norepinephrine levels ```

Question 30

What is the BMI based on gender?

Answer 30

Men: Desirable = Less than 94, High = 94-102, Very high = More than 102 Women: Desirable = Less than 80, High = 80-88, Very high = More than 88

Question 31

What are the advantages of BMI ?

Answer 31

Easy to measure and to monitor Simple and easy to understand Good indication of body fatness in the majority of people Widely used in scientific journal articles, by health reporting bodies and medical professionals

Question 32

What are the disadvantages of BMI?

Answer 32

Not as reliable in children Not suitable for those with high lean body mass (i.e. high proportion of muscle) Does not represent percentage body fat Does not give any indication of central adiposity (increased health risk)

Question 33

Reducing energy intake has the central role in weight loss and prevention of regain will help prevent discouragement. true or false?

Answer 33

True