GI 1 Flashcards
What are the 9 regions of the abdomen?
Right hypochondriac region Epigastric region Left hypochondriac region Right lumbar region Umbilical region Left lumbar region Right inguinal region Hypogastric region Left inguinal region
What is found in the oral cavity?
Cheeks (buccal region) Palate Uvula Teeth Tongue
What is the function of salivary glands?
To help with break down of food and lubrification
N.b. Increased secretion of salivary glands in presence of food
What are the main salivary glands?
- parotid gland
- submandibular
- sublingual
What is the pharynx?
Funnel shaped tube from the posterior nasal opening down to cricoid cartilage
Skeletal muscle lined with mucous membrane
What are the components of the pharynx?
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Where is the oesophagus found?
The oesophagus begins in the laryngopharynx at C6 and extends down to T11
What is the oesophagus?
Muscular tube which expands with food bolus
20-40 cm long, 1- 2 cm wide
What are the two layers of the oesophagus? What is their function?
Outer longitudinal & inner circular
Function: peristalsis
At what level the food enters the stomach?
T10/T11
How does food leave enters the stomach?
by passing through the abdominal hiatus of the diaphragm then through the lower oesophageal sphincter(T10/T11)
What are the parts of the stomach?
Cardia Fungus Body Pylorus Greater curvature Lesser curvature
+ internal folds:rugae
What are the 3 layers of the stomach?
- outer longitudinal
- middle circular
- inner oblique
What is the function of rugae in stomach?
to allow for expansion of the stomach
What is the Duodenum?
C showed first part of the small bowel
25 cm long
Where is the Duodenum located?
Sits around the head of the pancreas
What are the 4parts of the Duodenum?
superior, descending, inferior and ascending
What is the function of the major duodenal papilla?
The major duodenal papilla is an opening of the pancreatic duct into the duodenum
It is the primary mechanism for the secretion of bile and other enzymes that facilitate digestion
What is the function of the minor duodenal papilla?
The minor duodenal papilla is the opening of the accessory pancreatic duct into the descending second section of the duodenum
It is is the prime duct for drainage of the pancreas,
Where is the pancreas located?
Posterior to the stomach
Extends from duodenum to the spleen
What functions does the pancreas have?
Exocrine and endocrine functIons
Why does the pancreas secrete pancreatic juices?
secretes pancreatic juice that contains digestive enzymes that assist the absorption of nutrients and digestion in the small intestine. These enzymes help to further break down the carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids in the chyme.
What are the 5 parts of the pancreas?
Head Uncinate process Neck Body Tail
Where is the pancreatic duct located?
Runs through pancreas and joins with common bile duct in the lower head of pancreas
What is the liver?
Largest visceral organ
Where is the liver located?
The liver is located in the upper right-hand portion of the abdominal cavity, beneath the diaphragm, and on top of the stomach, right kidney, and intestines.
What are the 2 surfaces of the liver?
Diaphragmatic: lies against the inferior surface of the diaphragm
Visceral: covered with visceral peritoneum ( except at: fossa for gallbladder & porta hepatis)
What are the 4 lobes of the liver?
Right lobe
Left lobe
Quadrate lobe (inferior to right lobe)
Caudate lobe ( btw right and left lobe in superior location)
What is the gall bladder?
The gallbladder is a pear-shaped sac lying on the visceral surface of the right lobe of the liver in a fossa between the right and quadrate lobes
Connected to liver through biliary tree
What are the 4 regions of the gall bladder?
Fundus
Body (Infundubilum)
Neck
Cystic duct
What is the biliary tree?
The biliary tree is a system of vessels that directs secretions from the liver, gallbladder and pancreas through a series of ducts into the duodenum.
The exit hole into the duodenum is called the papilla of Vater.
What is the spleen?
Is a lymphatic tissue
Where is the spleen located?
Lies in the left upper quadrant between ribs 9 and 11
What are the 2 surfaces of the spleen?
Costal surface: diaphragm
Visceral surface: stomach, left kidney and splenic flexure
What structure of the spleen contains splenic vessels and lymphatic?
The hilum
What are the functions of the spleen?
Immune response
Blood filtration
Storage
What is the histology of the oral cavity?
Stratified squamous epithelium, taste buds (papillae), mucous secreting glands
What is the histology of the oesophagus?
Stratified squamous epithelium, 2 muscular layers, mucous secreting glands
What is the histology of the stomach?
Simple columnar epithelium, 3 layers, pits, mucous, secreting cells, acid and enzyme secreting cells
What is the histology of the duodenum?
Simple columnar cells with globes cells, villi, crypts
What is the blood supply for the foregut?
Coeliac trunk
What organs make the foregut?
Oesophagus Spleen Stomach Liver Gall bladder Pancreas 1st and 2nd part of duodenum
What is the blood supply for the midgut?
Superior mesenteric artery
What organs are part of the midgut?
3rd and 4th part of duodenum Jejenum Ileum Appendix Ascending colon Caecum Proximal 2/3 of transverse colon
What is the blood supply for the hindgut?
Inferior mesenteric artery
What organs are part of the hindgut?
Distal 1/3 of transverse colon Descending colon Sigmoid colon Rectum Upper snake canal Urogenital sinus
What branches of the abdominal aorta supply blood to GI tract?
Coeliac trunk
Superior mesenteric artery
Inferior mesenteric artery
What are the 3 regions of the GI tract?
Foregut
Midgut
Hindgut
What level do the 3 main branches of the abdominal aorta arise from fonte aorta?
Coeliac trunk - superior
Superior mesenteric a- superior (ristarlo to coeliac trunk origin )
Inferior mesenteric a- inferior (caudal to coeliac trunk origin)
What are the branches of the coeliac trunk?
Gastric arteries: right and left
Common hepatic artery ( becomes proper hepatic+ divides into : R hepatic & L hepatic)
Splenic artery
What is unique about the splenic artery?
Supplies oxygenated blood to spleen
