GI 2 Flashcards
What are the structures of the small bowel/ small intestine?
Duodenum
Jejenum
Ileum
Where is the jejenum located?
Immediately after the duodenum
What is peculiar about the jejenum?
Plicae circulares
What are plicae circulates?
Numerous prominent folds that circular the lumen
Where is the ileum?
Makes up majority of the small intestine(small bowel)
What is peculiar about the ileum?
Peyer’s patches
What are peyer’s patches?
groupings of lymphoid follicles in the mucus membrane that lines small intestine
What is the function of peyer’s patches?
play an important role in immune surveillance of materials within the digestive system.
What are the regions of the large bowel/ large intestine?
Caecum & appendix Ascending colon Transverse colon Descending colon Sigmoid colon Rectum and anal canal
Differences between large and small intestine
The large intestine is larger in diameter than the small intestine and longer
Small intestine helps digestion + absorption
Large intestine helps reabsorption. + elimination of wastes
Small intestine absorbs carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals, vitamins
Large intestine absorbs water, nutrients and salts
Small intestine has 3 parts
Large intestine has 4 parts
Where does the ileum passes matter? And through what?
To caecum
Through ileocaecal valve
Can the ileocaecal valve fail?
Yes or no
Yes
where is the appendix in regards to surface anatomy?
The appendix sits at the junction of the small intestine and large intestine. It’s a thin tube about four inches long.
Where is the rectum?
Is 15 cm long and lies anterior to the sacrum
Where in the anal canal?
I’m the 2-3 cm part of the terminal large intestine
What is the anal column?
Longitudinal fold of mucous membrane contain8ng vessels
What is the anus openings controlled by?
Internal anal sphincter
External anal sphincter
Voluntary movements
What are the pouches in the lower part of the large intestine?
Diverticula are small, bulging pouches that can form in the lining of your digestive system.
What is the function of pouches in lower part of large intestine?
pouch enables the patient to store and pass stool through the body’s usual route
What are the branches of the superior mesenteric artery?
Middle colic
Right colic
Ileocolic
Jeujenal and ideal branches
What is the blood supply for the small intestine?
Superior mesenteric artery
What is the blood supply for the large intestine?
Superior mesenteric artery and inferior mesenteric artery
What are the branches of the inferior mesenteric artery?
Left colic
Sigmoid arteries(2-4)
Superior rectal
GI venous drainage
All blood from GI has to enter ….. (complete)
Portal vein
Which artery provides oxygen rich blood to liver cells?
Hepatic artery
Which sympathetic nerves innervates the gut?
Splanchnic nerves
Hypograstric plexus
What does sympathetic innervation do to the gut?
influences blood flow, epithelial transport, motility, and endocrine cells and causes inhibition of gastrointestinal secretion
What does parasympathetic innervation do to the gut?
parasympathetic stimuli typically stimulate digestive activities, conserves energy, slows heart rate, increases digestion and relaxes sphincter muscles in the digestive tract.
What branches of parasympathetic innervate the gut?
Vagus nerve
Hypogastric plexus
