physical

Question 1

what is the oceanic fracture zone (OFC)

Answer 1

activity through the oceans

along the mid-ocean ridges

Question 2

what is the continental fracture zone (CFZ)

Answer 2

activity following mountain ranges

from spain via alps to middle east, Himalayas, East Indies then round Pa

Question 3

whats intra plate earthquakes

Answer 3

occur in the ‘interior’ of tectonic plates

Question 4

what’s a seismic hazard

Answer 4

generated when rocks within 700km of the Earth’s surface comes under stress they break and become displaced

Question 5

what’s a volcanic hazard

Answer 5

associated with eruption events

Question 6

what direction is a destructive boundary (convergent, divergent, transform)

Answer 6

convergent

Question 7

what direction is a collision boundary (convergent, divergent, transform)

Answer 7

convergent

Question 8

what direction is a constructive boundary (convergent, divergent, transform)

Answer 8

divergent

Question 9

what direction is a conservative boundary (convergent, divergent, transform)

Answer 9

transform

Question 10

what causes intra plate processes

Answer 10

in the mantle heat rises as a hot thermal plume- high heat and low pressure causes the lithosphere to melt- rise through cracks to the surface and erupts to form an active volcano

Question 11

how are inta-plate earthquakes made

Answer 11

earthquakes associated with ancient faults. faults results of solid crust cracking during its long jorney over millions of years

Question 12

what is slab pull

Answer 12

denser oceanic plates are subducted at cold downwellings, which cause plates to move faster

Question 13

what’s the lithosphere

Answer 13

crust and upper most solid mantle

Question 14

what’s paleomagnetism

Answer 14

evidence for sea-floor spreading+ tectonic theory. Some layers had minerals in which the remnant magnetism was the exact opposture orientation as todays magnetic field

Question 15

what’s asthenosphere

Answer 15

the upper layer of the earths mantle below the lithosphere

Question 16

whats a primary (P) wave

Answer 16

fastest kind of seismic wave

Question 17

what can a primary wave go through

Answer 17

solid rock and fluids, like water or liquid layers of the earth

Question 18

whats a secondary (S) wave

Answer 18

is slower than a P wave

Question 19

what can a secondary wave go through

Answer 19

can only move through solid rock, not through any liquid medium

led to seismologists to conclude that the earth’s outer core is a liquid

Question 20

whats a love (L) wave

Answer 20

first kind of wave and fastest surface wave makes the ground move from side to side

Question 20

whats the benioff zone

Answer 20

is an area of seismicity corresponding with the slab being thrust downwards in a subduction zone

Question 21

what’s a fault (to do with earthquakes)

Answer 21

a fracture in the rocks that make up the earth’s crust

Question 22

what are the 2 secondary hazards of earthquakes

Answer 22

liquefaction and landlide

Question 23

what are secondary hazards

Answer 23

are side effects of an earthquake but should be considered no less significant than the priamary hazards

Question 24

what is soil liquefaction

Answer 24

process by which water-saturated material can temporarily lose normal strength and behave like a liquid under the pressure of strong shaking

occurs in saturated soils

Question 25

what is a landslide

Answer 25

where slopes weaken and fall

Question 26

what do volcanos cause

Answer 26

lava flows
pyroclastic flows
ash falls
gas eruptions

Question 27

what are tsunamis caused by

Answer 27

sub-marine earthquakes ar subduction zones as a result of sea-bed and water column displacement

Question 28

what is a natural hazard

Answer 28

A perceived natural/geophysical event that has the potential to threaten both life and property

Question 29

what is a natural disaster

Answer 29

when a hazard, causes a significant impact on a vulnerable poplulation.
when 10 or more people are killed
and/or 100 or more people affected