Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

geography human > human superpowers > Flashcards

human superpowers Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
U.S. Geography flashcards World Geography flashcards
1
Q

what is a superpower

A

is a nation with the means to project its power and influence anywhere in the world eg USA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is an emerging superpower

A

recognition of the rising, primarily economic, influence of a nation or union of nations- which has steadily increased their global affairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is a hyperpower

A

An unchallenged superpower that is dominant in all aspects of power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is soft power

A

is the power of persuasion.
some countries can make others follow their lead by making policies attractive and appealing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is hard power

A

getting your own way by force, threat or direct action eg bombing or military

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is smart power

A

a combination of soft and hard power to get their own way

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is economic power

A

the use of economic aid or favourable trade agreements to influence decisions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the most important superpower

A

economic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what does a powerful economy give nations

A

the wealth to build and maintain a powerful military, exploit natural resources and develop human resources through education

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how is a military used in 2 ways

A
  1. the threat of military action is a powerful bargaining chip
  2. military force can be used to achieve geopolitical goals. some forms of military power, such as blue water navy, drone, missile + satellite technology can be deployed globally and reach distant places
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how is politics important in superpowers

A

the ability to influence others through diplomacy to ‘get your way’ is important and an exercised through international organisations such as the UN and World Trade Organisations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how is culture important in superpowers

A

includes how appealing a nations way of life, values and ideology are to others, and is often exercised through film, the arts and food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how are having resources important for superpowers

A

can be in the form of physicak resources (fossil fuels, minerals,land) but also human resources. the latter includes the level of education and skills in a nation, but also the sheer numbers of people (‘demographic weight’)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is sharp power

A

manipulation through interference in political elections and media opinions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the sources of power

A
  • economic- large GDP gives countries the wealth needed to be a global power
  • political-leading, in like UN
  • military- nuclear weapon to threaten a country’s will on others
  • cultural- having ideas that others find appealing
  • demographic-power requires people
  • national resources - fossil fuels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how do you maintain power

A
  1. international influence has to be maintained
  2. superpowers start with hard to threaten and be remembered
  3. NATO is a military alliance providing the USA with allies in North America, Europe and middle east
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is a unipolar world

A

one dominated by one superpower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is a bipolar world

A

two superpowers with opposing ideologies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is a multipopular world

A

many superpowers and emerging powers compete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

who had power in 1800-1919

A

unipolar -dominant British Empire

21
Q

who had power in 1919-1939

A

multi-popular- inter war period

22
Q

who had power in 1945-1990

A

bi-polar- USA VS USSR (cold war)

23
Q

who had power in 1990-2030

A

uni polar - USA globalisation

24
Q

what is the heartland

A

whoever controls the heartland controls the world island then the whole world

25
Q

what is Neocolonial

A

former colonies that have left

26
Q

Neocolonial mechanisms of power (5)

A
  • Military alliances between developing nations and superpowers make the developing nation dependent on military aid and equipment
  • development aid comes with ‘string attatched’ forcing the recipient to agree to policies and spending priorities suggested by the aid doner
  • investment from abroad may create jobs and wealth, but be dependent on the receiving country following ‘friendly procedures’
  • low commodity export prices contrast with high prices for imported goods from developed countries, inhibiting development
  • developing countries borrow money from develped ones, and then end up in a debtor
27
Q

what is cultural hegemony

A

is the idea that rule is maintained through ideological means. through social institutions which allow those in power to strongly influence the vaules, ideas and expectations of society eg westernisation

28
Q

what is G20

A

made up of 19 countries and the EU includes some potential emerging powers

29
Q

what is BRICS

A

Brazil, Russia, India, China, (South Africa, but is insignificant economy) as a group of emerging powers

30
Q

what is Bowstows modernisation theory

A

is a 5 stage model that outlines 5 phases that countries must pass through to develop and gain more power

31
Q

criticisms of Bowstows modernisation theory

A

that countries dont have to go through each stage to develop and gain power other countries can lend resources so they can skip stages

32
Q

what is Frank’s Dependency theory

A

It split the world into developed core countries and underdeveloped peripheral countries. suggested that the relationship between the core and periphery helps to maintain and increase the power of the core countries whilst the peripheral countries remain weak.

33
Q

criticisms of Frank’s Dependency theory

A

newly industrialised countries have developed. eg Taiwan many Asian NICs received significant ecenomic aid and political support from the USA to help them develop
that countries have to be underdeveloped so that core can still have power

34
Q

What is Wallerstein’s world systems model

A

3 tier model with the core, periphery and semi-periphery. He argued that cycles of growth and stagnation allow some countries to shift between the tiers.

35
Q

criticisms of Wallerstein’s world systems model

A

have to be connected countries to work

36
Q

a variety of inter-governmental organisations, why

A

prevents future wars as well as stabilise and boost the global economy

37
Q

what is Bretton woods,USA

A

conference 1944, saw the creation of the IMF and world bank

38
Q

what is Doros, Switzerland

A

Home to the annual meeting of the world Economic Forum

39
Q

the current global economic system has been dominated by which market

A

free-market capitalist economy system

40
Q

what is World Bank

A

makes development loans to developing countries, but within a ‘free-market’ model that promotes exports, trade, industrialisation and private businesses, which benefits large developed-world TNC’s

41
Q

what is International Monetary Fund (IMF)

A

promotes global economic security and stability, and assists countries to reform their economies. Economic reforms often mean more open access to developing economies for TNC’s

42
Q

what is World Economic Forum (WEF)

A

A swiss non-profit organisations that promotes globalisation and free trade via its annual meeting at daves, which brings together the global business and political elite

43
Q

What is World Trade Organisations (WTO)

A

IGO that regulates global trade. Established in 1995, it has brockered many agreements aimed at promoting open trade and reducing protectionism. Previously known as the General Agreements on Tariffs and Trade.

44
Q

what is a logarithmic graph

A

a graph that the y axis doubles every increment due to it being used to compare values that are enormously different in size so that any minor differences in the curve would be hard to spot

45
Q

TNCs with the top wealth

A
  1. walmart- $482billion- USA
  2. state grid- $330billion- china
  3. petrochina- $299 billion- china
46
Q

what are the two types of TNC

A

Publicly traded TNCs- whose shares are owned by numerous stakeholders (usually other TNCs banks and large financial institutions such as pension funds) around the world eg Tesco + Disney
state-owned TNCs- that are majority or wholly owned by the government (dominant in emerging superpower countries) eg bank of england

47
Q

how have TNCs come to dominate the global economy

A
  • their economies of scale mean they can out compete smaller companies and, in many cases, take them over.
  • influence government policies
  • spread of western culture
48
Q

superpower footprints

A

maintain a large economy requires enery, mineral, land and water resources

geography human (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions