Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

geography human > human globalisation > Flashcards

human globalisation Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
U.S. Geography flashcards World Geography flashcards
1
Q

what is globalisation

A

the process by which people, their cultures, money, goods and information can be transferred between countries with few or no barriers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the historical connections (3)

A

Trade
colonialism
co-operation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the types of globalisation (4)

A

political
economical
cultural
social

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the effects of globalisation (3)

A

it increases global awareness
increasing global responsibility
increasing global village

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is containerisation

A

is the use of countries using containers of the same size for trade and less chance of theft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the effects of improving transport technology (2)

A

enables the physical movement of goods and people to travel further and more cheaply
container ships have become so large it is now cheap to ship goods around the globe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what’s a player

A

anyone with a vested interest or involvement with a particular process or event

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is IMF and what do they do

A
  • International monetary fund
  • they issue short term loans and recommend policies for sustainable growth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what do the world bank do

A

reduce poverty by lending money to governments of its poorer members to improve their economies and to improve the standard of living of their people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is WTO and what do they do

A
  • world trade organisation
  • improve the welfare of people around the world by ensuring that trade flows smoothly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is a trading bloc

A

countries which group together to improve their economic interests and trading patterns (by reducing barriers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

advantages of trading blocs (2)

A
  • producers focus on making what they are good at
  • smaller nations have opportunity to merge to form TNCs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

disadvantages of trade blocs (2)

A
  • loss of sovereignty
  • interdependence: disruption of trade within a trading bloc. become dependent on each other
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what does ASEAN stand for and what’s in it

A
  • association of south-east asian nations
  • 10 countries
  • seventh largest economy in the world
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the EU and its policies/contents

A
  • European Union
  • 27 countries
  • is a free trade zone
  • free migration across borders
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is FDI

A

Foreign direct investment- financial injection made by a TNC into a nation’s economy, either to build new facilities (factories or shops) or to acquire, or merge with, an existing firm already based there.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the types of FDI

A
  • foreign mergers
  • transfer pricing
  • offshoring
  • foreign acquisitions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is foreign mergers

A

two firms in different countries join forces to create a single entity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is transfer pricing

A

the setting of a price for the transfer of products or services between controlled (or related) sections of a TNC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is offshoring

A

the practice of basing some of a company’s processes or services overseas, so as to take advantage of lower costs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is foreign acquisitions

A

A TNC launches a takeover of a company in another country

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how do the government promote FDI

A
  • free-market liberalisation
  • privatisation
  • encourage business start-ups
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what’s free-market liberalisation

A

restrictions being lifted on the way companies and banks operate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is privatisation

A

transferring ownership of a business, agency, service or property from the public (government- controlled) sector to the private sector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what’s encouraging business start-ups

A

methods range from lower business taxes to changes in the law allowing both local and foreign-owned businesses to make profit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

how do you measure globalisation

A
  • A.T Kearney Index- look at: political engagement, personal contact, economic integration, technological connectivity
  • the KOF Index- works out a score for each country based on interaction in categories: economic globalisaton, social globalisation, polictical globalisation range is 1-100
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is a TNC and how does it grow

A
  • trans national corporation- is a company that has operations in more than one country
  • grow by buying up foreign firms in mergers and acquisitions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

how do TNCs link groups of countries, and ferge connections between people in different countries

A
  • through the production of goods
  • by shaping common patterns of consumption
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How do TNCs influence globalisation

A
  • by using global production networks
  • by creating new places to do business (new markets)
  • by making global products more local (glocalisation)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

why do some countries benefit more from FDI and TNCs

A
  • not all places are suitable sites of productikion for goods
  • not all places have enough market potential to attract large retailers
  • TNCs can build instead business partnerships with existing companies in other countries
  • biggest brands outsourcing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what is glocalisation and what’s it used to address

A
  • adapting the goods or services or a business to increase consumer appeal in diferent local markets
  • religious or cultural objections, or regulatory or design restrictions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

examples of economic liberalisation

A
  • offshoring
  • outsourcing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what is offshoring

A

TNC’s move parts of the production process (factories or offices) to other countries to reduce labour or other costs (eg. import tariffs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what is outsourcing

A

when a TNC contracts another company to produce the goods and services they need rather than do it themselves. this can create a very complec supply chain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what is the global economic shift

A

significant global economic shift in the centre of gravity from the ‘West’ to Asia (economic core) from the mid 20th century

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

global shift from 1950/60s, 1970/80, 1980 onwards was what

A
  • growth of Asian tigers
  • rise of japan (electronics etc)
  • rise of china (manufacturing)
37
Q

why is there a global shift

A
  • manufacturing and labour intensive industries have been relocated to Asia by TNCs. Due to lots of cheaper labour and land and resources tend to be cheaper
  • TNCs from the West have also outsourced services to Asia to export cheaper labour and more lax laws
  • Asian nations have high population so an attractive emerging market
38
Q

what are the benefits of economic growth

A

investment in infastructure, poverty reduction, waged work and an improvement in education and training

39
Q

what are the costs of economic growth

A

loss of productive land, unplanned settlements, pollution and health problems, land degradation, pressures on resources and less biodiversity

40
Q

what is deindustrialisation

A

is a process of social and economic change caused by the removal or reduction of industrial capacity or activity in a country or region, especially of heavy industry or manufacturing industry

41
Q

what is the core

A

is where the most wealth is produced.

42
Q

what do the core do

A
  • owns and consumes 80% of global goods and services
  • earns the highest incomes
  • makes decisions about the global economy
  • provides most global investment
43
Q

what is the periphery

A

meanwhile the poorer periphery is usually distant from the core markets

44
Q

what do periphery countries own and do

A
  • they own and consume 20% of global goods and services despite having 75% of global population
  • earns lower income- 2.5 bill live on US $2 a day
  • make few decisions about the global economy and provides little investment
45
Q

what’s a global city

A

defined not by number but by influence

46
Q

what’s a million city

A

a city with over a million residents AKA millionaire cities

47
Q

what’s a megalopolis

A

a chain of roughly adjacent metropolitari areas in one specific country

48
Q

what is a super city

A

a vast urban area, often incorporating several smaller cities

49
Q

what is low wage migration

A

low wage (for that country) jobs in sectors like cleaning, catering or construction

50
Q

what is interdependence

A

globalisation has meant that many people move freely around the world. this increases interdependence between regions

51
Q

what is a host country

A

the country where the migrant goes to

52
Q

what is remittances

A

money sent back to the migrants source country

53
Q

what is a source country

A

the country where the migrant comes from

54
Q

what is high wage (elite) migration

A

highly skilled and influential individuals eg Russian oligarchs in London

55
Q

what is a hub city

A

a city that is a focal point for activities with a global influence eg business in London

56
Q

what is a brain drain

A

when the educated workforce leave a country, as they have the skills another country needs

57
Q

what is elite international migrants

A

highly skilled professionals or influential people. their wealth has come from their profession or inheritance. They are highly desirable to international governments. some elite migrants live as ‘global citizens’ and have multiple homes in different countries

58
Q

what is low-waged international migrants

A

legal or illegal immigrants that work in jobs with low wages for example in construction, kitchen and cleaning

59
Q

what is culture

A

the ideas, customs and social behaviour of a particular people or society

60
Q

what are cultural traits

A

religion- there are several main world religions, each with its own local variants
food
language
clothing
traditions- behaviour and manners

61
Q

what is cultural diffusion

A

is the spread of one culture to another by various means.

62
Q

what is cultural erosion

A

is the loss of traditional language, food, music, clothes and social relations often associated with specific cultural groups

63
Q

how can globalisation lead to cultural erosion

A

through people wanting same things as everyone else around the world, traditional and cultural traits are being ‘watered down’ and ‘eroded’ by globalisation

64
Q

what is hyperglobalisation

A

the idea that a largely westernised global culture is emerging as a result of cultural erosion in different places

65
Q

what is the negatives of hyperglobalisation (2)

A

languages around the world are disappearing
the global culture of consumerism is fundamentally at odds with sustainable development goals

66
Q

what are the positives of hyperglobalisation

A

values equality
freedom of expression
reduced discrimination

67
Q

what’s the time space compression

A

is in the 21st century caused by mass migration (improvement in transport technology)

68
Q

what does HDI include

A

human development index
life expectancy
education (literacy rate and average number of years in school)
GDP per capita

69
Q

what does GII include

A

gender inequality index
reproductive health
empowerment
education and employment

70
Q

what is OECD and what does it contain

A

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
* greenhouse gas emissions
* waste water generation
* intensity of forest use
* intensity of fish resources
* amount of threatened species

71
Q

what is the lorenz curve

A

graphical representation of the distribution of income or of wealth plotted using the cumulative percentage of population (x axis) agains the cumulative percentage of income (y axis)

72
Q

what is gini coefficient

A

a number between 0-100 the higher the value the greater the degree of income inequality

73
Q

what are the effects of globalisation- who gained (3)

A
  • the very rich gained a lot
  • the growing middle class in emerging economies
  • the very poorest were no better off
74
Q

what is open border

A

implies that peole may travel to and from a country without presenting a passport, visa or another form of legal documentation

75
Q

what is freedom to invest

A

individulas and firms would be allowed to move their resources intoand out of specific activities, both internally and across the country’s borders, without restrictions

76
Q

what is FDI

A

foreign direct investment
an investment from a party in one country into a business or corporation in another country with the intention of establishing a lasting interest.

77
Q

what is dispora

A

the dispersion or spread of any people from their original homeland

78
Q

what is post-accession migration

A

the flow of economic migrants after a country has joined the EU

79
Q

How to control the flows associated with globalisation

A
  • limiting immigration- limit flow of people
  • trade protectionism- limit flow of goods
  • censorship- limit flow of information
80
Q

what is trade protectionism

A

the attempt by the domestic government to limit imports from foreign competitors or promote domestic exports to other nations

81
Q

what is censorship

A

the suppresion or prohibition of any parts of books, films, news etc that are considered obscene, politically unacceptable, ora threat to security
* North Korea have no access to the internet
* google withdrew its services from China in 2010 when the governmetn insisted the search engine results should be censored

82
Q

examples of prohibited flows
illegal and criminal flows

A

world to China-(information flows)
Nepal to India-(people trafficing)

83
Q

what is ecological footprints and what are they measure in

A

a measure of how much biologically productive land and water an individual population or activity recquire to produce all the resource it consumes, and to absorb the waste it generates
ecological footprints normally measures in global hectares

84
Q

what is sustainability

A

meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

85
Q

what is economic stability

A

individuals and communities should have access to a reliable income over time

86
Q

what is social sustainability

A

all individuals should enjoy a reasonable quality of life

87
Q

what is environmental sustainability

A

no lasating damage should be done to the environment; renewable resources must be managed in ways that guarantee continued use.

88
Q
A

geography human (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions