Phys of an Endurance Athlete Flashcards
Definition of Endurance
The ability to withstand hardship or adversity?
Definition of Performance
The execution of an act.
Physiological perspective of Endurance.
Exercise the predominantly requires aerobic energy systems.
Equation for Oxygen cost?
Oxygen cost = Running economy / Pace
Nutritional considerations of endurance performance?
- Fuel Utilisation - very high % carbohydrates
- Endogenous carbohydrates are limiting = 2 hours
- Carbohydrate absorption during exercise (>60g)
- Dehydration of≈ 2-3% inhibits performance
Environmental considerations of endurance performance?
- Hot environments
- Cold environments
- Altitude
Physiological components of elite endurance performance?
- Gross Mechanical Efficiency
- Lactate Threshold
- Maximal Oxygen Consumption
Main differences in physiological variables between Chris Froome and Average Joe?
- Peak Power Output = 7.5W/kg —> 3-4.5W/kg
- V02 Max = 84ml/kg/min —> 50-60ml/kg/min
- Body composition (% FM) = <10 —> 20.4
What is the gender comparison in VO2 max?
Females have lower oxygen carrying capacity of the blood.
What is the relationship between predicting 16.1-km TT performance and actual performance using VO2max?
Moderate relationship.
What is Fick’s Equation
VO2 = Qmax * a-v (O2)max
Equation for Cardiac Output?
Q = SV * HR
Difference in total blood volume (BV) in trained athletes and untrained athletes?
Trained = 110ml/kg body mass
Untrained = 80ml/kg
Does LV stroke volume increased in endurance athletes compared to untrained?
Yes, 33% higher.
Chronic elevated stroke volume leads to?
Increased myocardial mass
End diastolic volume
What is an adaptation of being a trained athlete in regards to blood transport?
Improved vascular network.
Larger lumen dimension and decreased wall thickness.
Dominant muscle fiber output at 100m, 800, >5000m?
100m = Type IIa, Type IIx, Type I
800m = Type I, Type IIa, Type IIx
> 5000m = Type I, Type IIa, Type IIx
Is increased mitochondrial volume a physiological component of an endurance athlete?
Yes.
How does lactate benefit physiological performance?
Lactate is a fuel as it allows glycolysis to continue?
Negatives of an increase in H+ ions and Increased Lactate?
Inhibits Ca2+ release (muscular contraction)
Inhibits PFK (rate of glycolysis)
What is reduced appearance?
The absolute workloads at which anaerobic contribution significantly increased
Improved clearance?
Improved buffering of H+ ions via increased moxocarboxylate transporters (MCT1+4)
What is GE?
Gross Efficiency
Ratio of power output to energy expenditure.
Mechanisms of increased GE?
Muscle fiber distribution - increase in % of Type I
Decrease in mitochondrial uncoupling
