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Comprehensive > Phys II > Flashcards

Phys II Flashcards

1
Q

Pentapartite structure which develops into Basal ganglia, olefactory lobes, and cerebral hemispheres

A

Telencephalon

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2
Q

Pentapartite structure which develops into epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus, infundibulum

A

Diencephalon

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3
Q

Pentapartite structure which develops into cerebral aqueduct, colliculi, and tegmentum

A

Mesencephalon

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4
Q

Pentapartite structure which develops into cerebellum and pons

A

Metencephalon

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5
Q

Pentapartite structure which develops into medulla oblongata and choroid plexus

A

Myelencephalon

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6
Q

Cortical area responsible for direct connections with specific muscles

A

Primary motor

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7
Q

Cortical area responsible for Detecting sensations

A

Primary sensory

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8
Q

Cortical area responsible for pattern of motor activity

A

Secondary motor area

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9
Q

Cortical area responsible for analyzing meaning of sensory signal

A

Secondary sensory area

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10
Q

Receptors that are slow adapting, detect continuous stimulus, and transmit impulse as long as stimuli is present (ie: spindle, golgi tendon organ, macula, baroreceptor, chemoreceptor)

A

Tonic

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11
Q

In 3. Neuron pathways the primary sensory neuron goes from external receptor to what area of spinal cord

A

Dorsal root

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12
Q

Secondary neuron in ascending pathways make up tracts that ascend to what area of the brain

A

Thalamus

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13
Q

Tertiary ascending neurons go from thalamus through the internal capsule and terminate where in brain

A

Primary sensory cortex

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14
Q

What spinal tract carries pain and temp

A

Anterolateral spinothalamic

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15
Q

Secondary fibers of the anterolateral spinothalamic tract decussate where

A

Through anterior gray and white commissures

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16
Q

This pathway carries two point sensation, pressure, vibration and ascend in fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cutaneus

A

Medial lemniscus system

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17
Q

Nerve fiber types that are from muscle spindle

A

A alpha Ia

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18
Q

Nerve fiber type from golgi tendon organ

A

A alpha fibers Ib

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19
Q

Nerve fiber type from PAIN, itch, temp

A

Group IV type C fibers

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20
Q

Rhodopsin when exposed to light creates what two byproducts

A

Scotopsin, all trans retinol

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21
Q

The only output from the cerebellar cortex comes from what type of cell

A

Perkinje

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22
Q

Vestibulocerebellum is made of what two parts that control equilibrium and posture

A

Flocculonodular lobe, vermis

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23
Q

This part of cerebellum involved in skilled movement and speech

A

Cerebrocerebellum

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24
Q

Primary motor area for shivering is dorsomedial portion of the

A

Hypothalamus

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25
Q

Best known stimuli for increasing rate of thyroid releasing hormone secretion

A

Cold

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26
Q

Critical body core temp

A

37.1 C, 98.8 F

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27
Q

Level at which sweating or shivering begins to return to critical core body temp

A

Set point

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28
Q

These cells undergo cyclic changes that periodically open and produce pacemaker currents that generate slow wave activity (slow waves create spike potentials which excite muscle contraction)

A

Cells of cajal

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29
Q

Interneurons of myenteric plexus utilizes what NT

A

Serotonin

30
Q

Those on serotonin reuptake inhibitors may experience a decrease in what

A

GI motility

31
Q

These are responsible. For opening calcium channels and sodium channels in GI SM cells (channels open slow, close quickly)

A

Spike potentials

32
Q

GI reflexes go from gut to __ and back to GI tract

A

Prevertebral sympathetic ganglia

33
Q

What do parietal cells secrete

A

HCl

34
Q

40% of ganglion cells are small and excited from bipolar and amacrine cells

A

W ganglion cells

35
Q

55% of ganglion cells with small fields receiving input from cones (color vision)

A

X ganglion cells

36
Q

5% of Ganglion cells with large diameter that respond to rapid changes in visual image

A

Y ganglion cells

37
Q

These are present on the apical border of hair cells and are longer as they get farther from modiolus

A

Stereocilia

38
Q

Mechanical transduction occurs opening __ channels resulting in depolarization of hair cell membrane when cilia are bent toward longer ones

A

Potassium

39
Q

The endolymph is high in concentration of what ion

A

Potassium

40
Q

Congenital deafness can occur when what structure cannot conduct potassium ions into extracellular fluid

A

Stria vascularis

41
Q

Central region of the __ has no contractile fibers and is a sensory receptor innervated by gamma motor neurons

A

Muscle spindle

42
Q

Most upper motor neurons in the pyramidal system decussate in pyramids forming what spinal tracts

A

Lateral corticospinal tract

43
Q

Intracerebellar nuclei are dentate, emboliform, and globose nuclei which project to red nucleus and lesions cause what?

A

Extremity ataxia

44
Q

Fastigial nuclei is an intracerebellar nucleus whose fibers project to reticular formation and vesibular nuclei and a lesion here causes what

A

Trunk ataxia

45
Q

HCl secretion occurs from what type of cell

A

Parietal

46
Q

What ion is pumped from extracellular fluid into parietal cell and then diffuses into lumen providing the gradient necessary for HCl formation and secretion

A

K+

47
Q

This hormone is triggered by presence of food in upper intestine to increase pancreatic secretions

A

CCK

48
Q

Hormone released in presence of acidic food in upper intestine stimulating bicarb secretion

A

Secretin

49
Q

One of the best known stimuli for increasing thyroid stimulating hormone

A

Cold

50
Q

Liver has high __ and low __ receiving 27% of resting cardiac output

A

Flow, resistance

51
Q

Lipoproteins in blood that carry lots of triglycerides and some cholesterol/ phospholipids

A

VLDL

52
Q

Lipoproteins in blood that carry lots of cholesterol and some phospholipids

A

LDL

53
Q

Lipoproteins in blood that carry lots of protein

A

HDL

54
Q

Bilirubin is formed after ___ is released from RBC’s that have been phagocytosed by macrophages

A

Hemoglobin

55
Q

Iron is transported in blood by

A

Transferrin

56
Q

FA are converted to what in mitochondria via beta oxidation

A

Acetyl-CoA

57
Q

What is the mitochondrial carrier molecule for FA’s

A

Carnitine

58
Q

What steps of urea cycle occur in mitochondria

A

Ammonia + CO2 form carbamoyl phosphate + ornithine forms citrulline

59
Q

What residue on thyroglobulin binds iodine to form thyroid hormones

A

Tyrosine

60
Q

Major product of iodine metabolism in the thyroid is ___ although this is not the most active form

A

Thryoxine (T4)

61
Q

___ is the hormone which acts indirectly to cause bone absorption by activating osteoblasts and osteocytes which then in turn signal for the activation of ___

A

PTH, osteoclasts

62
Q

When PTH is administered, what is rapidly lost in urine

A

Phosphate

63
Q

Preganglionic ANS neurons are. Myelinated and their neurotransmitter is what

A

Ach

64
Q

Postganglionic ANS neurons are. Not myelinated and they use ___ in parasympathetic systems and __ as neurotransmitter in sympathetic systems

A

Ach, norepinephrine

65
Q

75% of all parasympathetic fibers are carried by what

A

Vagus n. (CNX)

66
Q

Which cell in female reproductive system is responsible for Estrogen production

A

Granulosa

67
Q

Which cell in female reproductive system is responsible for FSH binding

A

Granulosa

68
Q

Which cell in female reproductive system is responsible for androgen production

A

Theca

69
Q

Both theca and granulosa cells are able to produce progesterone from ___ after the binding of LH and LDL

A

Cholesterol

70
Q

There is a surge of what hormones in females at day 14 of the menstrual cycle

A

LH (and FSH to a smaller degree)

71
Q

Testosterone is formed by what cells in males

A

Cells of leydig

72
Q

What is the PO2 of mother at. Placenta? PO2 of fetus?

A

50 mmHg, 30 mmHg

Comprehensive (5 decks)

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