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Comprehensive > Biochem > Flashcards

Biochem Flashcards

1
Q

Protein that has similar function in different species

A

Ortholog

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2
Q

Protein that has different functions within one species

A

Paralog

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3
Q

Accessory proteins that help with folding

A

Chaperones

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4
Q

What is the binding site for o2. In hemoglobin molecules

A

Fe

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5
Q

Isomers which differ in order of attachment

A

Constitutional isomers

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6
Q

Isomers which differ in spatial arrangement

A

Stereoisomers

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7
Q

Isomers which are non-superimposable mirror images

A

Enantiomers

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8
Q

Ring closure that includes a 6 membered ring with 5C and 1O

A

Pyran

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9
Q

Ring closure that includes a 5 membered ring with 4C and 1O

A

Furan

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10
Q

Maltose

A

Alpha 1,4 glucopyranose (x2)

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11
Q

Sucrose

A

Glucopyranose + fructofuranose

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12
Q

Lactose

A

Galactopyranose + glucopyranose

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13
Q

Difference between starch and glycogen

A

Starch- unbranched, glycogen- branched every 10 residues

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14
Q

What residue gets phosphorylated in an O linked glycoprotein?

A

Ser

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15
Q

What residue gets phosphorylated in an N linked glycoprotein?

A

Asp

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16
Q

This structure commonly found on cell surface absorbs lots of water creating a cushion

A

Glycoprotein

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17
Q

Backbone for proteoglycans on which long disaccharide repeats are built

A

Hyaluronic acid

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18
Q

Proteoglycan most important in joints

A

Chondroitin sulfate

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19
Q

What determines fluidity of a membrane

A

FA content, cholesterol

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20
Q

What property of a molecule to be analyzed is limiting for NMR

A

Size

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21
Q

What property of a molecule to be analyzed is limiting for x ray crystallography

A

Protein must be crystallized

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22
Q

Cofactors are usually __ with. A positive charge that. Stabilize the active site of enzymes

A

Metals

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23
Q

Class of enzyme responsible for addition or removal of groups to form a double bond

A

Lyases

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24
Q

Class of enzyme responsible for combining to substrates using ATP as energy

A

Ligases

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25
Q

Type of inhibitor that lowers vmax by binding at active site

A

Irreversible (enzyme inactivation)

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26
Q

Type of inhibitor that increases km

A

Competative

27
Q

Type of inhibitor that lowers vmax and lowers km

A

Uncompetative (uses different active site)

28
Q

What is x intercept of lineweaver-burke plot

A

1/Km

29
Q

What is y intercept of lineweaver-burke plot

A

1/Vmax

30
Q

What molecules can be. Salvaged. Via gluconeogenesis

A

Pyruvate and lactate

31
Q

Enzyme that traps glucose in cell via phosphorylation

A

Hexokinase

32
Q

3C glycolysis product units that interconvert

A

GAP (makes pyruvate), DHAP (makes FAs)

33
Q

Irreversible glycolysis reactions include what 3 enzymes? (These are important for gluconeogenesis)

A

Glucokinase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase

34
Q

Synthetic pathways are activated by what 2 hormones

A

Epinephrine, glucagon

35
Q

What is the AA precursor to epinephrine

A

Tyrosine

36
Q

Where does the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction occur

A

Mitochondria

37
Q

Prosthetic groups required for pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1, E2, and E3 each have one)

A

TPP, lipoamide, FAD

38
Q

What TCA intermediate can be used in synthesis of purine bases and AA’s

A

Alpha keto gluterate

39
Q

Alternative pathway for oxidizing glucose to create ribose and NADPH (used in cholesterol synthesis)

A

PPP

40
Q

3 ketone bodies obtained by beta oxidation of FA’s

A

Acetoacetate, d3 hydroxybuterate, acetone

41
Q

Fatty acid synthesis occurs mainly in cytoplasm of what kind of cell

A

Liver

42
Q

In synthesizing fatty acids, acetyl coA is converted to __ (The rate limiting step). Before elongation and desaturation

A

Malonyl CoA

43
Q

What enzyme (not found in liver) is required to utilize ketone bodies for energy

A

Transferase

44
Q

What TCA cycle intermediate supplies C’s for FA synthesis (used to make acetyl CoA)

A

Citrate

45
Q

How many carbons in cholesterol

A

27

46
Q

Intermediate in cholesterol formation

A

Squalene

47
Q

What is used to transport fat and cholesterol in blood

A

Chylomicron

48
Q

Hormone reports status of blood glucose (from pancreas)

A

Insulin

49
Q

Hormone (from adipocyte) that reports on status of TAG stores

A

Leptin

50
Q

After the formation of glutamate in urea cycle, what intermediate is formed

A

Alphaketogluterate

51
Q

GABA signaling is inhibitory and utilizes channels for what ion

A

Chloride

52
Q

What are the ketogenic amino acids

A

FLYKWI

53
Q

Type of inhibitor that lowers vmax by binding outside the active site

A

Noncompetative

54
Q

This enzyme catalyzes step 1 in pyrimidine biosynthesis and is allosterically inhibited by the end product of its own pathway

A

ATCase

55
Q

Saturated FA with 16 C? 18 C???

A

Palmitic, stearic

56
Q

Unsaturated FA with 18 C? 20 C?

A

Linoleic, arachidonic

57
Q

We obtain vitD from skin and GI, it gets taken to __ for processing and becomes its active form in the __

A

Liver, kidney

58
Q

Enzyme needed to generate the form of nucleotide base found in DNA

A

Ribonucleotide reductase

59
Q

Purine synthesis utilizes PRPP in the __ step and the big ring is built onto an existing __

A

First, ribose

60
Q

What molecule provides 2 C’s for forming nucleotide rings and is a common chemotherapeutic drug target (methotrexate)

A

THF

61
Q

Pyrimidine synthesis utilizes PRPP in the __ step and the big ring is built independently of an existing __

A

Later, ribose

62
Q

Main glucose transporter in the liver (low affinity)

A

GLUT2

63
Q

Main glucose transporter in neurons

A

GLUT3

64
Q

Main glucose transporter in muscle/ adipose (insulin dependent, highly regulated)

A

GLUT4

Comprehensive (5 decks)

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