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Comprehensive > Phys I > Flashcards

Phys I Flashcards

1
Q

Any stimulus creating an imbalance in internal environment

A

Stress

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2
Q

Degree of effectiveness with. Which control system maintains constant conditions

A

Gain

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3
Q

Add 2 L of blood to uncontrolled and to controlled system and measure how much pressure rises. Unncontrolled pressure 100 –> 175. Controlled pressure 100 –»> 125. Whats the gain of this system?

A

Correction= 175-125= 50, error= 25, gain= 2

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4
Q

Saltatory conduction is characteristic of which part of typical neuron?

A

Axon

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5
Q

Which band of sarcolemma does NOT shorten during muscle contraction?

A

A band (length of myosin bundle fibers)

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6
Q

What type of muscle. Has T tubule along Z line and therefore only 1 cisterna per t tubule (forming dyad with SR)

A

Cardiac muscle fibers

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7
Q

What type of muscle fiber has T tubules at ends of thick filaments (2 cisternae per t tubule forming triad with SR)

A

Skeletal

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8
Q

What phase of cardiac action potential is resting potential

A

Phase 4

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9
Q

What phase of cardiac muscle action potential forms a plateau or slow decline of membrane potential

A

Phase 2

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10
Q

Cardiac. Fast action potentials are due to. Conductance that relies on __ dependent ion channels

A

Voltage

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11
Q

Cardiac slow action potentials have an upstroke phase which is due to leakage of what ion

A

Calcium

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12
Q

End diastolic volume - end systolic volume = what

A

Stroke volume

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13
Q

How do you calculate ejection fraction

A

Stroke volume/ end diastolic volume

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14
Q

Direction of lead I (left arm to right arm)

A

0 degrees

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15
Q

Direction of lead II (right arm to left leg)

A

60 degrees

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16
Q

Direction of lead III (left arm to left leg)

A

120 degrees

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17
Q

What happens to ECG during SA block

A

Loss of P wave

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18
Q

What happens to ECG during complete AV block

A

Lots of P waves, most are not followed by QRS complex

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19
Q

How can you tell the difference in an ECG between tachycardia and atrial fibrillation

A

Tachycardia still contains normal P waves between QRS complex, A fib does not

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20
Q

Biggest pressure drop in circulatory system occurs where

A

Arterioles

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21
Q

From large arteries to veins what is the pressure drop

A

120 mmHG

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22
Q

What percent of blood is in systemic circulation at any time

A

84%

23
Q

What % of systemic circulation is found in the veins at any given time

A

64%

24
Q

Term for increase in volume divided by increase in pressure (quantity of blood that can be stored in circulation for each mmHg rise in pressure)

A

Vascular compliance

25
Q

A vein is 8 times more distensible with. 3 times more volume. How would its compliance compare. To that of the. Corresponding artery?

A

24x as compliant

26
Q

Mean circulatory filling pressure is ___ mmHg when blood volume is 4. L and ___ mmHg when blood volume is the normal 5 L

A

0, 7

27
Q

Veinous return goes to zero when right atrial pressure is equal to what

A

Mean systemic filling pressure

28
Q

Kidneys receive what percent of cardiac output

A

22%

29
Q

Term describing. Hydrostatic and colloid osmotic forces acting across capillary membrane in kidney

A

Glomerular filtration rate

30
Q

Normal glomerular filtration rate

A

125 mL/min or 180 L/day

31
Q

What pressure component has greatest effect on increasing glomerular filtration rate

A

Glomerular hydrostatic pressure (Pg)

32
Q

Most of glucose is absorbed in ___ at SGLT2 transporters on brush border

A

early Proximal tubule

33
Q

What area of nephron has lots of mitochondria, extensive brush border, and lots of channels

A

Proximal tubule

34
Q

What hormone increases sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion by acting on ___ of cortical collecting ducts.

A

Aldosterone, principal cells

35
Q

These cells resorb Na and water and secrete K into tubular lumen

A

Principal cells

36
Q

These cells resorb K and secrete H into tubular lumen

A

Intercalated

37
Q

___ buffer system essential for buffering blood and ___ is more essential in kidney

A

Bicarb, phosphate

38
Q

Acidosis. Occurs. When ratio of bicarb. To CO2. In extracellular fluid decreases. Its ___ acidosis if it occurs due to decrease in bicarb ion and __ acidosis if due to increase in CO2

A

Metabolic, respiratory

39
Q

Alkalosis that is due to decrease in CO2 concentration (because of hyperventilation)

A

Respiratory

40
Q

Alkalosis that is due to rise in bicarb concentration

A

Metabolic

41
Q

Amount of air brought into and out of air at rest (normal is 500 mL0

A

Tidal volume

42
Q

Volume of air remaining in lungs after forceful expiration

A

Residual volume

43
Q

Difference. Between alveolar pressure and pleural pressure (determines how effective lungs are functioning)

A

Transpulmonary. Pressure

44
Q

Humidification of air would __ partial pressure of other gases in alveoli

A

Reduce

45
Q

What do we call ratio of alveolar ventilation to pulmonary capillary blood flow (perfusion)

A

Va/Q ratio

46
Q

Va/Q = 0 when what condition is present

A

Airway obstruction

47
Q

Va/Q= infinity when what condition is present

A

Vascular obstruction

48
Q

1 gram of hemoglobin can bind how much O2

A

1.34 mL

49
Q

Percentage of blood that gives up its oxygen to the tissues is __ at rest and is called utilization coefficient

A

25%

50
Q

How much CO2 is transported in blood as carbonic acid (requiring carbonic anhydrase)

A

70%

51
Q

7 % of CO2 is dissolved in blood , 70% is transported as carbonic acid and the rest is transported as what

A

Carbamino hemoglobin

52
Q

What respiratory center initiates phrenic n. Activity to establish ramp signal

A

Dorsal respiratory group

53
Q

What respiratory group contains the pneumotaxic center

A

Pontine

54
Q

Which respiratory center mainly controls rate and depth of breathing

A

Pontine (pneumotaxic center)

Comprehensive (5 decks)

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