PHYS 1- Physiology of the visual system Flashcards
eye uses what to focus image on retina?
this is what?
first site of r? accounts for how much of the bending?
what else contributes? on what control? more/less when?
curvature of lens
requires what (3)
increasing curvature? (what happens to the 3) used for what vision?
decreasing curvature? (what happens to the 3) used for?
lens becomes what with aging? this is called?
near response requires? (3)
last step causes what to happen? this helps how?
path of light starting with vitreous
5 neuron types in retina?
2 orientations?
v- (3) one has subtype?
H- (2)
vision mediated by what 2 types of photoreceptors?
r- one ganglion cell made up of?
allows rod system to operate in?
sacrifices what to gain?
C- one ganglion cell made up of?
maximizes what?
density of rods and cones at diff locations in the retina.
cones peak where? rods?
rods/cones constantly release what?
release more when?
less?
stimulus in either?
release ever stop?
activation of bipolar cell by CONE photoreceptors
- what stims what
- what does that cause?
- this causes?
On/off center bipolar cells
On-center- activation of photoreceptor in what location causes what to happen?
activation of the periphery of what causes what to happen to cell?
this does what?
OFF- activation of center vs periphery?
how on/off works
in depolarizing bipolar cells what happens? (what receptor? type of receptor? action? channel open when) allows what?
hyperpolarizing bipolars? type of receptors?
what happens?
activation of On-center bipolar cell by a CONE photoreceptor
night vs light
n- glutamate activate? on? results in what to cell?
L- light cause what to happen? so what happens?
activation of off-center bipolar by a CONE
light- light causes what to happen? (what receptor)
dark- glutamate activate what receptor?
results in?
On/Off in ganglion cells
when boplar cell is activated is releases? to do what to ganglion cell?
_______ to ________ to action potential
ganglion cell axons become fibers of?
in cortex ganglion cells release what?
activation of bipolar cell by rod photoreceptors
rod need what to signal?
what converge on On- center? this connects to a? (2) function as? (NT?)
connects to? connects to?
summary
ON/OFF cells help us do detect and increase what?
ON tell us what?
OFF center tell us what?
eahc are excited by?
what cells add via inhibitory? (NT) inhibit what?
direct targets of the retina
(6) 5 important
h- what tract? terminate where? input here drives what?
a- does what?
p- what reflex projections to?
LGB
maintained?
signals from two eyes are kept what?
functions (4)
optic radiations
axons LGB relay cells to? on what side?
maintains what?
primary visual cortex (number)
parastraite cortex?
peristriate cortex?
what is maintained how many layers?
visual areas V_
V1- is what? bordmann?
V2- part of brodmann?
V3- part of brodmann?
V4- area?
V5 area? broadmann?
primary visual cortex V1
layers I,II,II allow for? between?
layer IV receives what?
layer V and VI main what layers? to what?
ocular dominance columns in primary visual cortex
what?
how?
orientation columns in primary visual cortex
what?
how?
where?
orientation columns in primary visual cortex
vertical? diagonal? horizontal?
blobs in primary visual cortex
span what layers?
organized region of neurons that are sensitive to what?
what is required for accurate color?
absorption spectra of rods and the 3 types of cones?
3 types?
allows for what wevelength of light?
arrangement of neurons in columns and blobs in real life? but they are mapped into?
what do they each look like?
ocular dominance?
orientation columns?
cytochrome oxidase shows?
major job of VI is to identify what?
visual cortex V2
what is detected? this is detected by?
Visual cortex
V3a- major function?
V4- complete the processing of?
interpreting the visual image
5
processing what you see around you
dorsal pathway- the what pathway?
from where? goes to where?
primary path associating what?
completes what?
passes through?
ventral pathway- pathway for?
from where? to where?
primarily involved in?
what are separate functions in temporal lobe? so damage?
another specialized area?
melanopsin ganglion cell
why is it important?
detects what via?
this causes changes in?
project directly to?
