ANAT 2 The vestibular system Flashcards
vestibular system
essential in producing?
divided into five components:
locations? responsible for?
p
c
v
v
v
vestibular labyrinth
contsists of __ separate receptor structures
split up how? (2)
two distinct components
b- what is it?
m- consists of?
where is perilymph located? similar to? bathes?
endolymph where? covers?
ionic concentrations? important for?
balance maintained by?
vestibular receptor organs
(2)
each made up of? senses what?
receptor cells innervated by? of the?
central processes enter what? terminate where? ipsi or contra?
orientation
anterodorsally to nasooccipital? (2)
when a person is walking or running this affects orientation how?
vertically? (3)
vertical canals orientation?
vascular supply to vestibular system
main? from what? enters temporal bone through?
another branch? mainly to?
interruption of blood supply cause?
results in symptoms such as? (3)
supported inside of? by?
semicircular canals connect to?
each duct ends with a? whats inside that?
receptor orientation within utricle? saccule?
endolymph goes where?
sinus communicates though the? with the?
saccule is also connected to? via?
Disruption of normal endolymph volume resulting in ______ ______
what disease?
symptoms? (4)
attacksc of?
treatment? (2)
vestibular sensory receptors
what cells? project from? CONTAINS?
types?
they receive synapses from? that control?
from what nucleus?
activated by?
The ampulla
what cells lie embedded in? extends across?
types?
enveloped in what structure? called? attaches to?
rotational head movements produce? what is displaced? pushes? displace? in what direction?
the macula
hair cell extend into?
covered by what?
density? which means?
change in head position relative to what displaces what?
bends underlying?
vestibular nuclei
process what?
target what? (6)
each nucleus differs in?
the 4 different nuclei? location of each?
vestibular afferents
primary afferent fibers enter at?
traverse what? then branch into?
afferents from semicircular canals (ampulla) project to? minor to?
otolith organs (maculae) project to?
saccular afferents project to? influence
cerebellar connections
only what?
what fibers? (from) course through? (what structure)
send collaterals to what nucleus? terminate as what fibers?
secondary?
other afferents
(3)
2 main? arise from? go to?
permits keeping fixed gaze on object while head is moving?
ex?
achieved through? known as?
type of reflex? because?
in what direction/speed?
at will?
rotational vestibuloocular reflex
what muscles must be controlled?
what senses vertical movements? horizontal? torsional?
discussing horizontal but what similar connection for vert/torsional?
horizontal. primary afferents project to? located?
3 steps?
send axons through? to?
this sends what? via? to?
what also sends impulse? to? which innervates?
2nd set to? type of signal?
3rd set to? type of signal?
during a LEFT head turn
which semicircular canal activates what nuclei?
what about the other side? via?
on the active side what do the neurons excite?
produces contraction of?
this causes what eye movement? allows?
inhibition?
linear vestibuloocular reflex
occur in what fashion? involve connections to?
examples?
nystagmus
4 steps
what reflex? this will do what? what phase is this?
limit?
what happens then?
followed by?
named for?
slow phase and fast phase movements picture (nystagmus)
Caloric test?
use test in patients complaining of? what are we testing?
what is put where?
warm? cold?
mnemonic to remember?
differ by side?
muscle tone and reflexive postural adjustments? (network)
via? (tracts)
lateral? neurons in? topographically projects to where? what area/region?
fibers course through? terminate on? (3)
give off collaterals in where? this ensures?
vestibulospinal network- influences what? (2)
tracts?
medial- vestibular stim on? what nucleus? (mainly/lesser) receive input from? (3)
fibers descend (ipsi/contra) through what? terminate in? what motor neurons? effects seen in what reflex?
vestibular thalamus?
thalamus receives projections from which vestibular nuclei? (ips/cont) most terminate in what?
what regions? mainly? also? many of these cells are what? others?
anterior pulvinar?
thalamic regions represent what?
vestibular cortex
what cortical regions are the vestibular signals distributed to?
- areas? on what cortex? which does each area do?
- area? what cortex? houses neurons involved in?? (3) integrates cues of? lesions result in?
vestibular cortex
what cortical regions are the vestibular signals distributed to?
- what areas? of the? and? cells respond to what? (4) PIVC lesions cause? (3)
- what cortex/gyrus? receives what signals? controls?
dizziness and vertigo
dizziness- def? involve feelings of movement? may be accompanied by? origin?
vertigo- def? types? what is each? a sign in one of them?
one of the most common vestibular disorders?
characterized by? coincide with?
triggered by?
most accepted explanation? (term for this)
this produces abnormal?
benign tumor originates from? (name of disease) rarely from?
represents how much of intracranial tumors?
typically located in? this impinges? (3)
speed of growth? patients may present with? (3)
Vestibular neuritis?
patient presents with? (3) what also that helps diagnose?
thought to involove? (such as)
some patients have recent history of?
treatments?
